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bdkbZ—6% Hkkjr esa tkfr&O;oLFkk




            O;oLFkk esa czkã.kksa dks loZJs"B LFkku fn;k x;k D;ksafd ,slk fo'okl fd;k tkrk gS fd czkã.kksa dks fu;eksa dh  uksV
            O;k[;k djus rFkk mUgsa ykxw djkus dk nSoh&vfèkdkj (divine right) izkIr gSA bl izdkj tkfr O;oLFkk esa
            dBksjrk dk lekos'k ¶deZ¸@(o`QR;) rFkk ¶èkeZ¸ @(drZO; o nkf;Ro) esa fo'okl osQ dkj.k gksrk x;k ftlls
            Li"V gS fd tkfr #f<+;ksa] ijEijkvksa o fu;eksa (dogmas) esa fo'okl osQ ihNs èkeZ gh fuf'pr #i ls izsjd 'kfDr
            jgk gSA tkfr osQ Hkfo"; osQ fo"k; esa Hkkjr'kkL=kh ekurs gSa fd D;ksafd tkfra;k nSoh; jpuk gSa] vr% budk vfLrRo
            cuk jgsxkA
            gV~Vu] fjT+kys] gkscsy] ozQkscj] vkfn lkekftd ekuo'kkfL=k;ksa us lk¡Lo`Qfrd n`f"Vdks.k dks pkj fn'kkvksa esa Li"V
            fd;k gS% laxBukRed (Organisation), lajpukRed (Structual), laLFkkRed (Institutional), rFkk lEcUèkkRed
            (Relational)A gV~Vu vkfn dh laxBukRed ,oa lajpukRed fopkjèkkjk osQ vuqlkj tkfr izFkk osQoy Hkkjr esa
            gh ikbZ tkus okyh vf}rh; O;oLFkk gSA nksuksa fopkjksa (laxBukRed o lajpukRed) esa vUrj osQoy bruk gS fd
            izFke fopkj tkfr O;oLFkk dh mRifÙk ij osQfUnzr gS vkSj nwljk fopkj tkfr O;oLFkk osQ fodkl ,oa lajpuk esa
            vkus okys ifjorZu dh izfozQ;kvksa ls lEc¼ gSA fjtys ,oa ozQkscj tSls fo}kuksa dk laLFkkRed n`f"Vdks.k tkfr dks
            osQoy Hkkjr osQ izlax esa gh vuqowQy ugha ekurk] cfYd izkphu feJ] eè;dkyhu ;wjksi vkSj orZeku nf{k.k la;qDr
            jkT; vesfjdk esa Hkh bls vuqowQy ekurk gSA lEcUèkkRed n`f"Vdks.k okys fo}kuksa dk ekuuk gS fd tkfr tSlh
            fLFkfr;ka lsuk] O;kikj&izcUèk] iSQDVªh vkfn esa Hkh ikbZ tkrh gS rFkk lekt esa tkfr O;oLFkk dh mifLFkfr ;k
            vuqifLFkfr lewgksa esa xfr'khyrk dh mifLFkfr ;k vuqifLFkfr ls lEc¼
            gksrh gSA ;fn xfr'khyrk lkekU; gksxh rks tkfr O;oLFkk ugha gksxh fdUrq ;fn blesa #dkoV gks rks tkfr O;oLFkk
            gksrh  gSA

            6-1 tkfr&O;oLFkk dh fo'ks"krk,¡ (Characteristics of Caste System)


            tkfr dh lajpuk dk vè;;u bldh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa osQ fo'ys"k.k }kjk fd;k tk ldrk gSA cwxy us tkfr osQ
            rhu rRo crk;s gSaμoa'kkuqxr fo'ks"kKrk] Js.khc¼rk] ,oa vkd"kZd o fojksèk_ gksdkVZ us èkkfeZd fozQ;k&dykiksa dh
            ifo=krk vkSj vifo=krk ij cy fn;k gS] tcfd fjtys us vUrfoZokg  (endogamy) rFkk oa'kkuqxr is'ks
            (occupation) ij cy fn;k gSA èkq;sZ] osQydj] ,u-osQ-nÙk] vkfn] us Hkh bUgha fo'ks"krkvksa dh vksj laosQr fd;k
            gSA bu fo'ks"krkvksa dks crkrs le; bu lc fo}kuksa us tkfr dks ,d bdkbZ rFkk ,d O;oLFkk osQ #i esa vUrj
            ugha fd;k gSA bl vUrj dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, ;g ekuk tk ldrk gS fd ,d bdkbZ osQ #i esa tkfr dh ;s
            fo'ks"krk,a gSa% oa'kkuqxr lnL;rk] vUrfoZokg] fuf'pr O;olk;] rFkk tkfr lfefr;ka] tcfd O;oLFkk osQ #i esa
            tkfr dh fo'ks"krk,a gSa%Js.khozQe] [kkuiku ij izfrcUèk] rFkk 'kkjhfjd o lkekftd nwfj;ksa ij izfrcUèkA ge tkfr
            dh bu O;oLFkk o bdkbZ dh fo'ks"krkvksa dh vyx&vyx foospuk djsaxsA

            6-1-1 O;oLFkk osQ #i esa tkfr dh fo'ks"krk,¡
            (v) tUe ij vkèkkfjr Js.khozQe (Hierarchy based on birth)μfdUgh Hkh nks tkfr;ksa dh ,d leku
            izfLFkfr ugha gksrhA ,d tkfr dk nwljh tkfr ls lEcUèk dk Lrj mQapk ;k uhpk gksrk gSA tkfr Js.khozQe O;oLFkk
            esa izR;sd tkfr dk fuf'pr ;k vuqekfur Lrj ;k izfLFkfr dk fuèkkZj.k djuk ;fn vlEHko ugha rks eqf'dy
            vo'; gSA Js.khozQe osQ fuèkkZj.k esa nks rjhosQ viuk;s x;s gSa% voyksdu fofèk vkSj er&ewY;kadu fofèkA
            voyksdu fofèk es tkfr dh izfLFkfr fuèkkZj.k osQ fy, ;k rks laosQrukRed (attributional) fofèk ;k vUr%
            fozQ;kRed (interactional) fofèk iz;ksx dh x;h gSA laosQrukRed fofèk tkfr dh izfLFkfr dk fuèkkZj.k mlosQ
            O;ogkj ls djrh gS_ mnkgj.kkFkZ] viekutud O;olk; djuk] bldh izFkk,a] 'kkdkgkjh gksuk] rFkk e|iku vkfn
            vknrssaA vUr% fozQ;kRed fofèk nks tkfr;ksa osQ ,d nwljs osQ lEcUèk esa izfLFkfr dk ewY;kadu muosQ [kku&iku dh
            vUr%fozQ;kvksa rFkk fookg lEcUèkksa dk voyksdu }kjk djrh gSA ;fn ¶v¸ tkfr ¶c¸ tkfr dh yM+dh ls fookg


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