Page 167 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

fJekJh^9L fJ;sqhnK dh gfo;fEsh
fJekJh^9L fJ;sqhnK dh gfo;fEsh
fJekJh^9L fJ;sqhnK dh gfo;fEsh
fJekJh^9L fJ;sqhnK dh gfo;fEsh
fJekJh^9L fJ;sqhnK dh gfo;fEsh
(Hypothetico-Deductive Method) d[nkok nftnkfynktkdh ftXhnK (Reductionist Proce- BØN
dures) ftu d~ysk gqkgs j?, T[j th fJfsjk;e ;kwrqh d/ nkXko T[Zs/ fJ;sqhnK dh ;fEsh dk
nfXn?B eoBk i/eo n;zGt BjhA sK efmB io{o wzBd/ jB.
nkB[Gkfte ftnefse nfXn?B ftXh
nkB[Gkfte ftnefse nfXn?B ftXh
nkB[Gkfte ftnefse nfXn?B ftXh
nkB[Gkfte ftnefse nfXn?B ftXh (Non-Empirical Case Study Method)—fJ; ftXh
2H 2H nkB[Gkfte ftnefse nfXn?B ftXh
2H 2H 2H
ftu fJ;sqhnK dh ;fEsh dk ftPb/PD fgso ;~skwse (Patriarchy) ;wkfie ftt;Ek d/ ;zdoG
ftu ehsk iKdk j?, iK fco :"B n;wkBsk ns/ fJ;sqhnK dh ;fEsh d/ ftu ;zpzX d/ nkXko T[Zs/.
fJ;sqhnK d/ Bht/A g~Xo dh ftnkfynk dk nkxko g[oPK ek fJ;sqhnK d/ T[go gqG[st fojk j? i'
fJfsjk; f;~X th j? ns/ ;K;feqfse fdqPNh s'A th wkBsk tkbk j?.
nzsfj ftneshrs Pesh d/ w[bKeD dh nkB[Gfte ftXh
nzsfj ftneshrs Pesh d/ w[bKeD dh nkB[Gfte ftXh
nzsfj ftneshrs Pesh d/ w[bKeD dh nkB[Gfte ftXh (Empirical Methodof
nzsfj ftneshrs Pesh d/ w[bKeD dh nkB[Gfte ftXh
3H 3H 3H
3H 3H nzsfj ftneshrs Pesh d/ w[bKeD dh nkB[Gfte ftXh
Assessing Inter-personal Power)—fJj ftXh fJ;sqhnK T[Zs/ g[oPK d/ gqG[st dk nfXn?B
eoBh j?, gozs{ T[; fgso ;~skswe ftt;Ek s'A nbr fi;dk fe fJj fJe fjZ;k j?. fJ; ftXh dh
wkBsk j? fe ;w~f;nk (BhthA ;fEsh dh$P'PD$dh$nfXekoK d/ tzuBK dh) fJ;sqhnK T[Zs/ gqG[st dh
j? ns/ fJ; dk ;wkXkB fJ;d/ fto[X ;zxoP ftu fBfjs jB. fJ; nB[;zXkB B/ ;wkfie g~Xo T[Zs/
;zouBkswe n;wkBsk T[Zs/ fXnkB e/Afdqs BjhA ehsk j?, pbfe gfotko d/ nzdo jh n;wkBsk ns/
Pesh ;zs[bB T[Zs/ ehsk j?. fJ; ftXh ftu fJ;sqhnK dh T[Zu ;fEsh dk ;zpzX ;wsktkdh fBoDk
eoB s'A j? ns/ BhthA;fEsh dk ;zpzX r?o ;wsktkdh fBoDk s'A. nkB[Gfte nfXn?B s'A eJh
;w[dkfJnK, torK ns/ Pq/DhnK dh T[BQK fJ;sqhnK d/ Bkb rfjB ;kfynkseko Pkwb jB, fiBQK
(fJ;sqhnK) Bz{ nkgD/ gshnK ns/ ;j[fonK t~b'A d/ eJh soQK fttjko dk nB[Gt j?. Gkt/A fJj
nkB[Gfte nB[;zXkB ftXh fJ;sqhnK dh ;fEsh ns/ gshnK d/ gqG[st d/ ftu d/ ;zpzX T[Zs/ w[~btkB
;kfyn gq;s[s eoBh j?, gozs{ fJ;dk e/Ado fpzd{ pj[s ;hws j? ns/ fJj ;wki ftu fJ;sqhnK dh
nkw ;fEsh dk tk;sfte fu~so gq;s[s BjhA eoBh. T[j fgso ;~skswe, ;wkfie s/ ;K;feqfse
;zdoG fiBQK ftu gfotko cf;nk ofjzdk j? ns/ fiBQK ftu ftnkje ;zpzXK dh G{fwek ubdh ofjzdh
j?, dh nBd/yh ehsh rJh j?.
Bkohtkdh wksokw{be nB[;zXkB ftXh
Bkohtkdh wksokw{be nB[;zXkB ftXh
Bkohtkdh wksokw{be nB[;zXkB ftXh
Bkohtkdh wksokw{be nB[;zXkB ftXh
4H 4H 4H
4H 4H Bkohtkdh wksokw{be nB[;zXkB ftXh (Feminist Quantitative Research Method)—fJ;
nkB[Gfte ftXh ftu fJ;sqhnK dh ;fEsh dh s[bBk g[oP dh ;fEsh s'A wj~stg{oD nk:kwK ftu
ehsh rJh j?. e/;Nqh fjB' d/ nB[;ko fJ; gqeko d/ nk:kw nkofEe, f;fyne, okiBhfse ns/
t?XkfBe th j' ;ed/ jB. nb~r^nb~r wd (item) ;{uh (Index) ftu jo/e ukoK nk:kwK d/ bJh
ns/ ;zg{oB ;{uh d/ bJh fwfPqs eo fds/ iKd/ jB. fJj ;{uhnK ‘;G s'A fInkdk’ (most) s'A
‘fBT{Bsw’ (least) ;wkBsk d/ bJh gd eqw gqdkB eoBhnK jB.
nkB[Gfte wksokw{be ns/ r[Dkswe gqPBktbh ftXh
nkB[Gfte wksokw{be ns/ r[Dkswe gqPBktbh ftXh
5H 5H nkB[Gfte wksokw{be ns/ r[Dkswe gqPBktbh ftXh
5H 5H 5H
nkB[Gfte wksokw{be ns/ r[Dkswe gqPBktbh ftXh (Empirical quantitative and
nkB[Gfte wksokw{be ns/ r[Dkswe gqPBktbh ftXh
Qualitative Questionnaire Method)—fJ; ftXh ftu gfotko s'A pkjo ns/ nzdo nzsoftne-
shrs ;zpzXK ns/ T[Zsodksk s'A fttjko ns/ ftP/PfXeko ftP/ne u[D/ j'J/ wdK T[Zs/ gqPB g[~S/ iKd/
jB. r[Dkswe ftPb/PD d/ Bjh wksokw{be nKefVnK dk gq:'r ehsk iKdk j?. fJj T[gkrw
ntXkodktK (Concepts), gfoebgBk, ns/ f;XKsK dh y'i ftu gqshpzX BjhA brkT[Adk.
T[go fbyhnK ftXhnK d/ nbktk fJ;sqhnK dh toswkB ;fEsh d/ w[bKeD d/ fszB f;XKse
gq;sktK dk gq:'r th (fJ;sqhnK d/ nfXekoK T[Zs/) ehsk iKdk j?. fJj jB—T[dkotkdh Bkohtkd
(Liberal Faminism), wkoe;tkdh Bkohtkd (Marxist Feminism) ns/ nkw{b gfotosB
Bkohtkd (Radical Feminism). T[dkotkdh Bkohtkd fbzr ;wkBsk (Gender Equality)
noEks fJ;sqh g[oPK d/ ;wkB nfXeko ftu ftPtk; oydk j?. fJj fJe fbzr dk d{i/ d/ nXhB
wzBD dh XkoDk Bz{ n;theko eoBk j? ns/ fJ;sqhnK Bz{ wkBt (Human-being) wzBD d/ EK s/
:"B t;s{ BjhA wzBdk. fco th fJj ftuko fbzr d/ nkXko T[Zs/ Pqw ftGkiB Bz{ u[D"sh BjhA
fdzdk. fJ; ftuko d/ nB[;ko fJ;sqh xo/b{ ezw^eki ns/ g[oP pkjoh ezw eki ns/ g[oP pkjoh
ezw eki d/ bJh jh ;dk T[g:[es jB.

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