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fJekJh^2L Gkosh ;wki d/ wj~stg{oD s~s
fJekJh^2L Gkosh ;wki d/ wj~stg{oD s~s
fJekJh^2L Gkosh ;wki d/ wj~stg{oD s~s
fJekJh^2L Gkosh ;wki d/ wj~stg{oD s~s
fJekJh^2L Gkosh ;wki d/ wj~stg{oD s~s
4H nkofEe ns/ j'o efmBkJhnK d/ ekoD nkfd^tk;h nkgD/ iBw ;EkBK s'A j'o ;EkBK s/ gqt;B eo BØN
rJ/ jB. UjBK ft~u'A e[M ;?Bk ft~u th Gosh j'J/ jB.
5H nB[;{fus iBikshnK, fBofdPN iBikshnK ns/ nB[;{fus ikshnK fij/ BktK ft~u ftGkiB d/ phi
nzso fBfjs jB.
6H iBikshnK nZi dh gfjukD dh y'i ft~u jB. BthA ;wki ftt;Ek d/ Bkb brkt ns/ nksw
fBoXkoD dh GktBk dh UjBK Bz{ sbkP j?. g{op^T[Zso y/so ft~u Bt/A oki fBofws j'J/ jB.
fpjko ft~u nkfd^tk;hnK d/ Mkoyzv ns/ j'o gV';h okiK ft~u e'b d/ fIfbnK ft~u nb~r oki dh
;EkgBk dh wzr, UjBK dh gfjukD dh gfoukfJe j?.
o/ fbyd/ jB^ “;wekbhB ;zdoG ft~u nkfd^tk;hnK d/ ftbB bJh gko;gfoe fjzd{ g~Xsh dk e'Jh th
ftuko, w/o/ fdwkr dk f;o| gkrbgD j?. toswkB ;zdoG ft~u fJj f;o| ekb d'P j?.” gqzs{ fJj th
;jh j? fe nB/e nkfd^tk;hnK B/ fjzd{, Jh;kJh iK fJ;bkw Xow Bz{ ngDk fbnk j?. gfotosB ns/
rshPhbsk dhnK fJBQK gqfeqnktK d/ cb;o{g nkfd^tk;hnK ns/ j'o ;w[dktK ft~u nzso xfNnk j?.gqzs{ fJj
th ;jh j? fe i' nkfd^tk;h gfotofss BjhA j'J/ jB ns/ fiBQK B/ j'o XowK Bz{ BjhA ngDkfJnk j?, UjBK
d/ ft~u r[NpkIh ns/ MrV/ tX/ jB. fpjko ft~u UjBK nkfd^tk;hnK, fiBQK B/ Jh;kJh Xow Bz{ ngDkfJnk
j?, ns/ r?o nkfd^tk;hnK d/ ft~u ;gPN ftGkie o/yk j?.
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD (Self Assessment)
1H ykbh ;EkB Go'
1H ykbh ;EkB Go'
1H ykbh ;EkB Go'
1H ykbh ;EkB Go'
1H ykbh ;EkB Go' (Fill in the Blanks)
(i) w?Av/bpkw d/ nB[;ko ;zg{oD ;wki ft~u iBiksh dhnK eVhnK HHHHHHHHHH s/ nkXkfos jB.
(ii) fpjko dh HHHHHHHHHHHHHH B/ nkgD/ P'PeK d/ fto[~X iBsk Bz{ irkfJnk.
(iii) HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH d/ nkfd^tk;h w[~y s"o s/ fe;kB jB ns/ fJ; bJh UjBK dhnK nkofEe ;w~f;nktK
Bz{ ;wMD dk nkXko y/sh j'Dh ukjhdh j?.
(iv) HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH B/ iBikshnK d/ torheoD dk w[~y nkXko GkPk, Xow ns/ nbrkt Bz{ d~f;nk j?.
(v) ;o jopoN n?uH foIb/ d/ ntb'eD d/ nB[;ko HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH s'A jh iBikshnK ikshnK ft~u
gfotofss j' ojhnK ;B.
(vi) HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH ft~u iBikshnK dk ;wkt/P ehsk frnk j? Bk fe J/eheoD dk.
2H2 Gkos ft~u g/Av{ ns/ Broh ;w[dkJ/
2H2 Gkos ft~u g/Av{ ns/ Broh ;w[dkJ/
2H2
2H2
2H2 Gkos ft~u g/Av{ ns/ Broh ;w[dkJ/ (Village and Urban
Gkos ft~u g/Av{ ns/ Broh ;w[dkJ/
Gkos ft~u g/Av{ ns/ Broh ;w[dkJ/
Communities in India)
Gkos w[~y o{g ft~u fgzvK dk d/P j?, feUAfe fJ; ft~u 6 b~y s'A nfXe fgzv jB. Gkos d/ ;wkfie ihtB
dhnK fszB fBoDkfJe ;z;EktK^ fgzv, iksh ns/ ;z:[es gfotko jB. fJBQK B/ Bk e/tb ftd/Ph jwfbnK
ns/ nzdo{Bh fto'XkGk;K s'A T[sgzB nkxksK Bz{ jh M/fbnk j? pbfe ;wkfie ns/ ;z;feqfse gfotosBK dhnK
skesK Bz{ nksw;ks ehsk j? ns/ ;kjwD/ nkJhnK j'JhnK Io{osK ns/ u/sktBhnK d/ nB[;ko nkgD/ nkg
Bz{ Ykb th fbnk j?. iksh ftt;Ek ns/ ;z:[es gfotko d/ pko/ ft~u uouk pknd ft~u ehsh ikt/rh. fJ~E/
n;hA g/Av{ ;w[dkJ/ dhnK gqw[~y ftP/PsktK pko/ w'N/ s"o s/ toDB eoKr/.
2H2H1
2H2H1 gqkuhB Gkos ft~u g/Av{ ;w[dkJ/ gqkuhB Gkos ft~u g/Av{ ;w[dkJ/
2H2H1 gqkuhB Gkos ft~u g/Av{ ;w[dkJ/ gqkuhB Gkos ft~u g/Av{ ;w[dkJ/
2H2H1 gqkuhB Gkos ft~u g/Av{ ;w[dkJ/
2H2H1
ng;szG Xow ;{so d/ nB[;ko okik BroK ns/ fgzvK bJh ;[gfoGkfPs nfXeko y/soK d/ Bkb oki
gd^nfXekohnK (nfXneP iK nfXg;) Bz{ fB:[es eod/ ;B. ftPD{ ;fwqsh ft~u T[b/y j? fe okik 1,
10 ns/ 100 fgzvK ns/ g{o/ g/Av{ y/soK bJh nfXekohnK dh fJ~e bVh fB:[es eodk ;h. e"fNfbnk d/
nB[;ko, g/Av{ ns/ Broh y/soK bJh fszB Pq/DhnK ft~u nfXekohnK Bz{ fIzw/tkoh ;"Agh iKdh ;h. ;wjos
iK gqd/;sk fJ~e g/Av{ y/so iK iBgd dk w[yhnk j[zdk ;h. iBgd ft~u uko wzvb j[zd/ ;B ns/ jo wzvb
Bz{ ;zGkbD dh fIzw/tkoh fJ~e ;EkfBe T[Zs/ ofjzdh ;h. fJBQK nfXekohnK dk w[~y coI iBsk d/ ikB wkb
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