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fJekJh^2L Gkosh ;wki d/ wj~stg{oD s~s
                                                                                fJekJh^2L Gkosh ;wki d/ wj~stg{oD s~s
                                                                                fJekJh^2L Gkosh ;wki d/ wj~stg{oD s~s
                                                                                fJekJh^2L Gkosh ;wki d/ wj~stg{oD s~s
                                                                                fJekJh^2L Gkosh ;wki d/ wj~stg{oD s~s
          eod/ ;B.fgzv tk;hnK Bz{ ;z:[es gfotko s'A ;[o~fynk gqkgs ;h ns/ rqkw gzukfJs d[nkok UjBK dhnK  BØN
          S'NhnK w'NhnK fPekfJsK d/ pko/ ft~u fBnK ;[bG ;h. iksh gzukfJs ns/ w[yhnk ;w/s fgzv oki dh nkIkd
          fJekJh ;h ns/ e/Adoh ;oeko d/ pko/ ft~u ;'u/ fpBK nkgDk ezw ;zgzB eodh ;h. fJ; soK w~XekbhB Gkos
          dk BePk gqkuhB Gkos dh s[bBk ft~u fGzB ;h. w~XekbhB Gkos dh fBPub noEftt;Ek d/ ekoD fpqfNP
          gqPk;eK ns/ fBqiksh ftfrnkfBeK ft~u nB/eK GqKshnK g?dk j'JhnK.
          2H2H3
          2H2H3  nkX[fBe Gkos ft~u g/Av{ ;w[dkJ/ nkX[fBe Gkos ft~u g/Av{ ;w[dkJ/
          2H2H3
          2H2H3  nkX[fBe Gkos ft~u g/Av{ ;w[dkJ/ nkX[fBe Gkos ft~u g/Av{ ;w[dkJ/
          2H2H3  nkX[fBe Gkos ft~u g/Av{ ;w[dkJ/
          G{^wbfens d/ pko/ ft~u rfjo/ ;ot/yD ezw dh P[o{nks d/ Bkb jh 18thA Pskpdh ft~u Gkosh fgzv dk
          nfXn?B th P[o{ j'fJnk. g/Av{ ;wkfie ihtB dk rfjok nB[Gkfte nfXn?B toswkB ;dh ft~u gqu~fbs
          j'fJnk. w[Bo', w?Nekc, w?B, wkoe; ns/ p?v/B^g't/b d[nkok ehs/ rJ/ nfXn?BK ft~u Gkosh fgzv Bz{ pzd
          ns/ nb~r ftt;Ek dk BK fd~sk frnk. ;o ukob; w?Nekc B/ Gkosh fgzv Bz{ nyzfvs, gow[D[e ns/
          ngfotosB :'r fJekJh fejk. w?Nekc fbyd/ jB^ “g/Av{ ;w[dkJ/ bx{ rDszso j?, T[; ft~u UjBK dhnK
          Io{osK dhnK brGr ;kohnK t;sK gkJhnK iKdhnK jB, ns/ Uj ;G ftd/Ph ;zpzXK s'A brGr ;[szso
          jB.” w?Nekc B/ fJj th fbfynk fe :[~X j[zd/ jB, ;kwoki pDd/ ns/ ftrVd/ jB gqzs{ fgzv ;wki d/ o{g
          ft~u ngfotosB :'r, ;fEo ns/ ;tkbzph j' e/ T[ZGod/ ofjzd/ jB.
          gqPB fJj ;h fe eh Gkosh fgzv dk fJj fusoD T[fus ns/ ;jh j?< nB/eK wkBt Pk;sohnK ns/ ;wki
          Pk;sohnK B/ fJ; ws dk I'odko yzvB ehsk j?. fJ; wkBsk Bz{ fXnkB ft~u o~yd/ j'J/ fe Gkosh fgzv ;fEo,
          nb~r ns/ ;[fdqP BjhA ;B, fJ; ft~u gfotosB j' oj/ ;B. fgzv ftPkb ;wki Bkb i[V/ j'J/ ;B ns/ fJBQK
          ft~u ;wkfie ftG/dheoD th ;h. nB/eK nfXn?B fJ; ;dh d/ gzit/A dPe ft~u ehs/ rJ/. ftPkb ;z;ko
          s'A nbrkt ns/ ftbrsk Bz{ jNkUD ft~u gqt;B, fgzv s'A pkjo ftnkj, iiwkBh fBfjs nzsorqakwhD
          nkofEe ;zpzX, pkIkoK bJh PfjoK T[Zs/ fBoGosk, fwjBs ftGkiB ns/ Xkofwe ;EkBK d/ doPB nkfd
          Gkosh fgzv dhnK w[~y ftP/PsktK ojhnK jB. iiwkBh gqEk ftfGzB ikshnK d/ ft~u ;wkfie, ;z;feqfse
          ns/ nkofEe ;zpzXK dh ftt;Ek ojh j?. fJ; gqEk d/ nzsors e[M ikshnK ;zo~fyne iK wkfbe dh G{fwek
          fBGkUAdhnK jB ns/ e[M ;/tk eoB tkbhnK ikshnK j[zdhnK jB.;/te ikshnK nkw s"o s/ T[Zu G{^;[nkwh
          ikshnK dh ;/tk eodhnK jB ns/ T[; d/ pdb/ Bed iK j'o fe;w d/ o{g ft~u gqshcb gqkgs eodhnK jB.
          fJBQK ikshnK Bz{ wkbe ikshnK ns/ UjBK d/ gfotkoK dh ;/tk eoB bJh wip{o th ehsk iKdk j?. ed/
          ed/ yk; eo e/ fsUjkoK ns/ j'o gft~so nt;oK T[Zs/ iiwkB UjBK Bz{ fJBkw ns/ T[gjko th fdzd/ jB.
          gqsh:'frsk, PfjoK d/ Bkb ;zgoe, gqt;B, f;~fynk ns/ ;/te ikshnK ft~u ;wkfie ns/ ;z;feqfse u/sBk
          d/ ekoD iiwkBh ewI'o g? ojh j?. n~i g/Av{ iBsk UjBK ;/tktK bJh PfjoK ns/ e;fpnK T[Zs/ fBoGo
          j? i' gfjbK ;/te ikshnK d[nkok gqdkB ehshnK iKdhnK ;B.

          ftfGzB fgzv j'o fgzvK, e;fpnK ns/ PfjoK Bkb nB/eK ;zpzXK d[nkok i[V/ j'J/ jB. w?Av/bpkw d/ eEkB[;ko
          fgzv ;kc s"o s/ nb~r ehsk ik ;eD tkbk ;wkfie iK ntXkokDkswe pzvb BjhA jB, pbfe fJj fJ~e
          nkXkoG{s fJekJh jB. fgzv fdB^gqshfdB ftPkb ;wki dk nzr pD oj/ jB.

          2H2H4  fgzv fJ~e ;wkfie fJekJh d/ o{g ft~u fgzv fJ~e ;wkfie fJekJh d/ o{g ft~u
          2H2H4  fgzv fJ~e ;wkfie fJekJh d/ o{g ft~u fgzv fJ~e ;wkfie fJekJh d/ o{g ft~u
          2H2H4
          2H2H4  fgzv fJ~e ;wkfie fJekJh d/ o{g ft~u
          2H2H4
          cqK;h;h ;wki Pk;soh b[Jh fv:{w' B/ g/Av{ ;w[dkJ/ Ppd d/ fszB noE d~;/ jB^ (1) fJ~e okiBhfse ;wki
          d/ o{g ft~u, (2) G{wh d/ ;fj^;[nkwhnK dh fJ~e fJekJh d/ o{g ft~u, ns/ (3) gozgokswe noEftt;Ek
          ns/ okiBhfse ftt;Ek d/ gqshe (Gkosh d/P Grsh dk nkdoP tke) d/ o{g ft~u. fJ; ws d/ nB[;ko
          Gkos ft~u g/Av{ ;w[dkJ/ okiBhfse ns/ nkofEe ftt;Ek dk fJ~e nzr fojk j?. fJ~e fgzv f;o| fJ~e ;EkB,
          xoK, rbhnK ns/ y/sK dk g[zi jh BjhA j?. fJj gqsh feqnktK fJ; bJh T[ZGo e/ nkJhnK feUAfe Gkosh
          fgzvK dh ;[szsosk ns/ ;tkbzpB Bz{ tXk uVQk e/ gq;s[s ehsk frnk. n~i th fgzv fJ~e ;zpzX y/soh fJekJh
          d/ o{g ft~u jB. gqzs{ fgzvK ft~u rqkwhD gfjukD, J/esk ns/ fBPmk dh GktBk iksh ns/ ;w[dkJ/ dh GktBk
          s'A fes/ T[Zgo j?. fgzv d/ nzdo ns/ j'o fgzvK Bkb r[Npzdh ns/ ;zxoP nkw r~b j?. G{wh ;[XkoK, gzukfJsh
          oki, ;z;feqsheoD ns/ j'o ouBKswe ns/ ;z;feqfse gfotosBK d[nkok fgzv dh ;wkfie ;zouBK ns/ fgzv
          d/ pkjoh ;z;ko d/ Bkb ;zpzXK ft~u wj~stg{oD gfotosB j'J/ jB. w?Av/bpkw B/ fejk j? fe fJ~e fgzv ;gPN



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