Page 36 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
BØN nfGftnes ehsh rJh j?. fpjko d/ nkfd^tk;h w[~y s"o s/ fe;kB jB ns/ fJ; bJh UjBK dhnK
nkofEe ;w~f;nktK Bz{ ;wMD dk nkXko UjBK dh y/sh j'Dh ukjhdh j?. fe;kB ;wkiK d/ pko/ ft~u
E/Uv'o PkfBB d[nkok T[b/fys ftP/PsktK fpjko dhnK iBikshnK T[Zs/ g{oh soK bkr{ j[zdhnK jB. fJj
ftP/PsktK jB^ (1) fe;kB gfotko dh pj[nk:kwh ;wkfie ftt;Ek dh nkXko G{s fJekJh y/s jB,
(2) G{wh gkbD ihtB:kgB dk w[~y ;kXB j? feUAfe fJ; d/ d[nkok fInkdkso T[gG'r dhnK Io{osK
dh g{osh j[zdh j?, (3) ftP/P gozgokswe ;z;feqsh bx{ ;w[dktK dh ihtB gqDkbh Bkb i[Vh j'Jh j?,
(4) fe;kBK dh ;fEsh P'fPsK d/ ;wkB j[zdh j? fiBQK T[Zs/ pkjoh b'eK dk gqG[st j[zdk j?. n?;H ;hH
okJ/ B/ fpjko dhnK iBikshnK Bz{ “fe;kBK” dk BK fd~sk j?. 300 ;kbK s~e iBikshnK B/ ;kwzstkd
d/ fto[~X ;zxoP ehsk j?. n~i UjBK dhnK ;w~f;nktK Mkoyzv y/so ft~u T[d:'fre BroheoD d/ ekoD
th pDhnK j'JhnK jB.
2H1H2
2H1H2 iBiksh ;wkfie ;zouBK iBiksh ;wkfie ;zouBK
2H1H2 iBiksh ;wkfie ;zouBK
2H1H2 iBiksh ;wkfie ;zouBK iBiksh ;wkfie ;zouBK
2H1H2
w?Av/bpkw B/ Gkosh iBikshnK Bz{ fBwB ftP/PsktK d~;hnK jB^ (1) pzX[sk ;wkfie pzXBK dk fJ~e ;kXB,
(2) ftneshnK ns/ ;w{jK d/ ft~u ;'gkB dk nGkt, (3) fdqVQ ns/ ifNb n"gukfoe ;zrmBK dk nGkt,
(4) G{whXkfosk dk ;w[dkfJe nkXko, (5) yzvh ;o{g, (6) nfsfoes g{zih d/ ;zrqfj ns/ T[g:'r, ns/ pkIko
nkXkfos tgko dk x~N wj~st, (7) Xow d/ ;o{g ns/ ;ko ft~u ftG/d dk nGkt, ns/ (8) ihtB nkBzd
gqkgs eoB dh ftfPPN wB'dPk.

fJBQK ftP/PsktK d/ nkXko s/ iBikshnK Bz{ j'o ;wkfie Pq/DhnK s'A nb~r ehsk frnk j?. 1930 d/ dPe
ft~u fpqfNP gqPk;B B/ iBikshnK dh ft;fsqs iBrDBk ehsh. iBikshnK Bz{ UjBK d/ Xkofwe ns/
gfo;fEfse nkXkoK T[Zs/ ikshnK s'A ftG/fds ehsk frnk j?.
fco th iBikshnK fe;kB th jB feUAfe UjBK ft~u'A pj[s ;ko/ b'e fgzvK ft~u ofjzd/ jB ns/ y/sh ns/
j'o ;zpzfXs eko'pkoK ft~u b~r/ j'J/ jB. fJj ftfGzB ikshnK ns/ ;w[dktK dh soK fdykJh fdzd/ jB. n~i
427 iBikshnK jB fiBQK dh iB;zfynk 3 eo'V s'A nfXe j?. Uj ;zg{oD iB;zfynk dk brGr 7# jB.
iBikshnK ft~u fBtk;, gfo;fEsh, nkofEe ezw, GkPk, Xow ns/ pkjoh ;z;ko d/ Bkb ;zgoe d/ nkXko
s/ pj[s ;kohnK ftfGzBsktK gkJhnK iKdhnK jB. jo iBiksh nzdo{Bh s"o s/ ;sfos j?, ;zGt j? fe fe;/
iBiksh d/ w?ApoK Bz{ nkgD/ nkg d/ n;fs~st ;zpzXh jkbksK dk ;gPN nkGk; Bk j't/ iK UjBK Bz{ fJ; ;zpzX
ft~u fJ~e ftfeqs iK ntk;sfte u/sBk j't/.
;zfynk dh pkj[bsk d/ nkXko s/ Gkos dhnK gqw[~y iBikshnK jB^ w~X gqd/P, wjkokPNo ns/ nKXok
gqd/P d/ r"Av, oki;EkB, r[ioks, wjkokPNo, w~X gqd/P d/ Ghb, fpjko, T[Vh;k ns/ g~Swh pzrkb d/
;zEkb. r"Av ns/ Ghb, jo fJ~e dh iB;zfynk 40 b~y s'A nfXe j?. ;zEkbK dh iB;zfynk 30 b~y s'A fInkdk
j?. fJfsjkf;e, fBqiksh ns/ ;wkfie, ;z;feqfse ;zpzXK d/ nkXkoK T[Zs/ okJ/ powB B/ iBiksh ;w[dktK
Bz{ gzi y/soh ;w{jK ft~u ftGkfis ehsk j?. fJj ;w{j fBwB jB^
1H T[Zso^g{oph Gkos fi; ft~u n;w, no[Dkub gqd/P, Bkrkb?Av, wDhg[o ns/ fsqg[ok Pkfwb jB.
2H T[Zso ns/ T[Zso^g~Sw Gkos dk T[g^fjwkfbnk y/so fi; ft~u T[Zso gqd/P d/ gjkVh fIfbnK ns/
fjwkub gqd/P Pkfwb jB.
3H e/Adoh ns/ g{oph Gkos fi; ft~u g~Swh pzrkb, fpjko, T[Vh;k, w~X gqd/P ns/ nKXok gqd/P Pkfwb
ehs/ rJ/ jB.
4H d~yD Gkos fi; ft~u sfwbBkv{, e/ob ns/ eoBkNe nkUAd/ jB.
5H g~Swh Gkos fi; ft~u oki;EkB, r[ioks ns/ wjkokPNo Bz{ Pkfwb ehsk iKdk j?.

gqiksh b~SDK, GkPk, ;wkfie ;zrmB ns/ ;z;feqfse gqshwkB nkfd d/ ;zdoG ft~u Gkos dhnK iBikshnK
fJ~e d{i/ s'A fGzB jB. nkfd^tk;hnK ft~u nkfd nk;Nq/fbnkJh gqw[~y gqiksh e'fN jB. T[g fjwkfbnk g~Nh
ft~u wzr'b gqiksh dh gqXkBsk j?. G{w~X;kroh gqiksh ns/ BhrqhN' j'o y/soK ft~u ofjzd/ jB. iBikshnK
dhnK GkPktK ;G gqeko s'A nk;fNqe, dqftVhnB ns/ fs~psh uhBh Bkb ;zpzfXs jB. G{fwi ns/ Ghb
fijhnK e[M iBikshnK dk fjzd{nK ft~u ;ksw j' frnk j?. e[M iBikshnK Jh;kJh Xow t~b gqGkfts j'JhnK

30 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY