Page 37 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

fJekJh^2L Gkosh ;wki d/ wj~stg{oD s~s
fJekJh^2L Gkosh ;wki d/ wj~stg{oD s~s
fJekJh^2L Gkosh ;wki d/ wj~stg{oD s~s
fJekJh^2L Gkosh ;wki d/ wj~stg{oD s~s
fJekJh^2L Gkosh ;wki d/ wj~stg{oD s~s
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y/sh, (4) y/s^wId{oh, (5) gP{^gkbD, (6) xo/b{ T[d:'r, Xzd/.
2H1H3
2H1H3 Gkos dhnK iBikshnK ft~u ;wkfie ;soheoD Gkos dhnK iBikshnK ft~u ;wkfie ;soheoD
2H1H3 Gkos dhnK iBikshnK ft~u ;wkfie ;soheoD Gkos dhnK iBikshnK ft~u ;wkfie ;soheoD
2H1H3
2H1H3 Gkos dhnK iBikshnK ft~u ;wkfie ;soheoD
n?BH e/H p'; dh soK nKdq/ p/s/Jh B/ th iBikshnK d/ torheoD d/ w[~y nkXko, GkPk, Xow ns/ nbrkt Bz{
d~f;nk j?. gqzs{ p/s/Jh B/ ihtB:kgB d/ sohfenK Bz{ th torheoD dk nkXko wzfBnk j?. p'; B/ iBiksh b'eK
Bz{ fszB w[~y Pq/DhnK ft~u torhfeqs ehsk j?^ (1) fPekoh, wS/o/ ns/ ;zrqkje, (2) M{w fe;kB, ns/ (3) ;EkJh
fe;kB i' jb ns/ jb fy~uD tkb/ gP{nK s'A ezw b?Ad/ jB. shih Pq/Dh ft~u ;zEkb, r"Av, Ghb, T[oKt ns/ w[zvk
nkfd iBikshnK d/ b'e jB. fJBQK iBikshnK d/ fe;kB ns/ r?o iBikshnK d/ fe;kBK ft~u fGzBsk BjhA j?.
fJBQK iBikshnK Bz{ fe;kBK, y/sh wId{oK ns/ wId{oK ft~u th torhfeqs ehsk ik ;edk j?. d~yD fpjko, pzrkb,
T[Vh;k ns/ w~X gqd/P ft~u nkfd^tk;h eko\kfBnK ft~u ezw eod/ jB. n?;H ;hH okJ/ B/ T[oKt ns/ w[zvk g/Av{nK
Bz{ fe;kB fejk j?. fcT{oo j?w/Bv'oc B/ nfdbkpkd d/ okir"Av nkfd^tk;hnK dh ;z;feqsh Bz{ fe;kB ;z;feqsh
dk BK fd~sk j?. n?cH ihH p?bh B/ th T[Vh;k d/ y"Av nkfd^tk;hnK Bz{ fe;kB fejk j?.
nB/eK wkBt Pk;sohnK B/ fJ~e ftfPPN iBiksh d/ w?ApoK ft~u ;wkfie ;soheoD d/fynk j?. ekPsekoh
dh ntXh d/ eko'pko ftG/dheoD d/ ;zdoG ft~u n?;H ;hH okJ/ B/ fJ~e T[oKt fgzv ft~u eJh ;w{jK dk
T[b/y ehsk j?. okJ/ B/ fe;kB wkfbe ns/ oJhnsK dhnK ftfGzB Pq/DhnK dk T[b/y ehsk j?. fJ;/ nkfd^tk;h
;w{j ft~u wjkbh, xk;h ns/ b'jok nkfd nB/e nzso fttkfje ;w{j gkJ/ iKd/ jB. w[zvk th ;EkJh s"o
s/ y/sh eod/ jB. UjBK d/ gfotko ft~u th fwjBs ftGkiB gkfJnk iKdk j?. w[zvktK ft~u y{zNe~Nh^G{^XkoD
g~Xsh gkJh iKdh j?. y{zNe~Nh g~Xsh d/ nzsorsL (1) y{zNe~Nhdko, (2) gqik iK oJhns, ns/ (3) ;jkfJe
ikshnK (;/tkekoh ;w{j) gkJ/ iKd/ jB. ftnefse G{^wbfens bkr{ j'D ns/ fpqfNP oki d/ T[d/ Bkb
Pkj{ekoK ns/ fIwhAdkoK dk iBiksh ihtB ft~u j;sy/g tfXnk. fJ;/ ekoD y{zNe~Nh g~Xsh dk wj~st ysw
j' frnk. X[fonk B/ nkfd^tk;h b'eK Bz{ fgSV/ fjzd{nK dk BK fd~sk j?.

eh s[;hA ikDd/ j' nB/eK nkfd^tk;hnK B/ P'PD s'A w[esh gkUD ns/ nkgDh ;fEsh ns/ ;~wkB
Bz{ T[Zuk u[~eD bJh nkgDh iBiksh gfjukD ysw eo fd~sh ns/ fjzd{, Jh;kJh
iK fJ;bkw Xow Bz{ ngDk fbnk.

2H1H4 iBiksh ns/ iksh iBiksh ns/ iksh
2H1H4 iBiksh ns/ iksh iBiksh ns/ iksh
2H1H4
2H1H4 iBiksh ns/ iksh
2H1H4
w?Av/bpkw d/ nB[;ko iBiksh j"bh j"bh iksh t~b tX ojh j?. w?Av/bpkw d/ eEkB[;koL “;G iBikshnK
ns/ ;G ikshnK d/ b'eK ftueko e'Jh fBopkX ;z;feqfse iK ;wkfie nzso BjhA j? gqzs{ iBiksh ns/ iksh
b~SDK d/ ft~u nzso dh fJ~e bVh j?.” ;z;feqfse gft~sosk ns/ ngft~sosk, ;EkfBe nkswktK dh g{ik
ns/ pzX[sk fttjkoK dh gqfeqsh d/ ;zdoG ft~u iBikshnK ns/ ikshnK ft~u e[M nkw ;z;feqfse b~SD gkJ/
iKd/ jB. iBiksh ns/ iksh d/ ft~u nzso d/ w'N/ o{g ft~u gzi gfjb{ jB^ (1) ;wkfie, (2) okiBhfse,
(3) nkofEe, (4) Xkofwe, (5) wB'ftfrnkfBe. fJBQK gfjb{nK ft~u ftG/dK s'A pknd th nkfd^tk;hnK
dk iksh w[~bK t~b fy;ekt j?. ihtB gqDkbhnK, gqEktK, G'iB gqshwkBK, Xkofwe ;z;ekoK, ;'gkB, r[N ns/
MrV/, ;z;feqsh, Xow ns/ ihtB^fdqPNhe'D nkfd d/ y/soK ft~u fJj fy;ekt ntb'fes j'fJnk j?. fJBQK
y/soK ft~u iBikshnK B/ iksh ;w{jK dk nB[;oD ehsk j?.
fJfsjk;eko vhH vhH e';zph d/ nB[;ko Jh;k g{ot 6thA ;dh ft~u rzrk d/ w?dkB ft~u iBikshnK T[Zs/ e"Pb
ns/ wrX okiK B/ fi~s gqkgs eo e/ UjBK y/soK Bz{ nkgD/ y/soK ft~u nksw;ks eo fbnk ;h. gqkuhB
ekb s'A fpqfNP oki s~e iBikshnK B/ r?o^iBikshnK T[Zs/ brksko jwb/ ehs/. iBiksh ;w{jK dh ftt;Ek
ft~u nksw;ks Bz{ fpqfNP oki B/ mhe BjhA ;wfMnk. UjBK B/ iBiksh ns/ iksh d/ fJ; fwPoD d/ Bshi/
Bz{ oki d/ bJh fJ~e rzGho ysok wfj;{; ehsk. iBikshnK ns/ ikshnK d/ J/eheoD Bz{ o'eD dh fJj fJ~e
okiBhfse ukb ;h. ;o jopoN n?uH foIb/ d/ ntb'eD d/ nB[;ko 1873 s'A jh iBikshnK ikshnK ft~u
gfotofss j' ojhnK ;B. gfotosB dh fJ; gqfeqnk Bz{ ;z;feqsheoD iK fjzd{eoD fejk ik ;edk j?.

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