Page 8 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
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2 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
nB/eK w[;hpsK ns/ o[ektNK d/ ofjzd/ j'J/ th ;[szso Gkos fJ~e ;zrfms okPNo j?. nkgDh ;wkfie
ftok;s d/ nB[o{g J/esk dh XkoDk jo fJfsjkf;e ezw ns/ ;wkfie^;z;feqfse s~EK ft~u fdqPNhr'uo j?.
Gkos fJ~e Xow fBogZy oki j?. Gkos dk fJ~e ;zftXkB j? fi; ft~u ftfGzB y/soK, XowK, ;z;feqshnK
ns/ GkPktK d/ b'eK Bz{ nkPtk;B gqdkB ehsk frnk j?. ;zftXkB ft~u ftfGzB ;wkfie ns/ nkofEe ;soK
d/ b'eK d/ fjsK Bz{ fXnkB ft~u o~fynk frnk j?. rohp ns/ ewI'o torK d/ T[ZEkB d/ bJh gzi ;kbk :'iBktK
ns/ j'o ftek; ;zpzXh :'iBktK Bz{ feqnkftzs ehsk frnk j?.
1H1
Gkos ft~u J/esk ns/ ftftXsk
Gkos ft~u J/esk ns/ ftftXsk
1H1 Gkos ft~u J/esk ns/ ftftXsk
1H1
Gkos ft~u J/esk ns/ ftftXsk
Gkos ft~u J/esk ns/ ftftXsk (Unity and Diversity in India)
1H1
1H1
Gkos d[BhnK dk ;~stK t~vk ns/ d{ik ;G s'A ;zxDh nkpkdh tkbk d/P j?, i' d[BhnK d/ g{o/ y/socb dk 2H4#
nfXG'r eodk j?. fJ~E/ ftPt iB ;zfynk dk brGr 15# Gkr ftftX ;wkfie, nkofEe, G{r'fbe ns/
gfo;fEfse jkbksK (ecological conditions) ft~u ofjzdk j?. fJ; d/ Bkb jh fJ~e 5000 jIko ;kb dh
ntXh dk wkBt ihtB dk nshs th j? fi; ft~u Jh;k s'A 3000 ;kb gfjbK d/ ns/ 2000 ;kb pknd d/
;kb Pkfwb jB. fJ; d/P e'b Uj ;z;feqfse ftok;s th j?, i' fJ; Bz{ ngqtk;h, nkfonk b'eK s'A (i'
fjwkub gko s'A fJ~E/ nkJ/ ;B) ns/ w{b dqftVK ns/ jwbktoh ;fGnsktK s'A gqkgs j'Jh. Gkos dhnK
;wkfie, nkofEe ns/ ;z;feqfse ftftXsktK fJ~E'A dhnK g/Av{ ns/ Pfjoh fBtk; dhnK dPktK ft~u ;kc
fdqPNhr'uo j[zdh j?. fJ~E'A d/ Pfjoh y/so dh e[b 21H718 eo'V iB^;zfynk (1991 dh iBrDBk d/ nB[;ko)
ns/ fJ~E'A s~e fe uko wjk BroK (fd~bh, wdok;, ebe~sk, pzpJh) dh e[b iB^;zfynk (brGr uko eo'V)
fInkdkso ftek;Phb okPNoK dh iB^;zfynk s'A fes/ fInkdk nfXe j?. fJ~E/ fJ~e jIko ftneshnK dhnK
p;shnK th jB, sK fJ~e eo'V s~e dh iB^;zfynk tkbhnK p;shnK th jB.
1H1H1 ftftXsk dh gqfeqsh
1H1H1 ftftXsk dh gqfeqsh
1H1H1 ftftXsk dh gqfeqsh
1H1H1 ftftXsk dh gqfeqsh
1H1H1 ftftXsk dh gqfeqsh
ftftXsk ftftX gqikshnK, XowK, ikshnK, iBikshnK, GkPktK, ;wkfie gqEktK, ;z;feqfse ns/
T[g^;z;feqfse ftPtk;K, okiBhfse doPB ns/ ftukoXkoktK ft~u gfobefPs j[zdh j?. ftPkb fdqPNhe'D
s'A ftftXsktK fJBQK y/soK ft~u ;gPN jBL
GkPktK
GkPktK
GkPktK (Languages)^^ ^^ ^ukj/ Gkos d/ ;zftXkB ft~u 18 gqw[~y GkPktK Bz{ (UjBK fszB GkPktK ;fjs fiBQK Bz{
GkPktK
GkPktK
nr;s 1992 ft~u wkBsk fd~sh rJh ;h) wkBsk gqkgs j?, gqzs{ brGr 1652 GkPktK ns/ p'bhnK ;kv/ d/P ft~u
p'bhnK iKdhnK jB. fJj GkPktK fszB GkPk gfotkoK Bkb ;zpzfXs jBL fJzv'^nkfonB, dqkftV ns/ :{ogh.
fJzv'^nkfonB GkPktK ft~u fjzdh, pzrbk, wokmh, r[ioksh, T[Vhnk, gzikph, fpjkoh, oki;EkBh, n;wh,
;z;feqs, f;zXh ns/ ePwhoh GkPktK Pkfwb jB i' Gkos dh fszB^u"EkJh iB^;zfynk d[nkok p'bhnK iKdhnK jB.
dqkftV GkPktK ft~u sfwb, s/br{, wfbnkbw ns/ ezBV GkPktK Pkfwb jBl ns/ :{ogh GkPktK ft~u nzro/Ih,
g[osrkbh ns/ |q?Au GkPktK Pkfwb jB. nkyoh d' GkPktK fInkdkso r'nk ns/ gKvhuoh ft~u p'bhnK iKdhnK
jB.
fjzdh Gkos dh ;oekoh GkPk j? ns/ nzro/Ih ;fj:'rh GkPk. 1991 d/ nzefVnK d/ nB[;ko fjzdh ;otkfXe
b'eK d[nkok p'bh iKdh j? (24H78 eo'V), T[; s'A pknd s/br{ (7H20 eo'V), pzrbk (7H17 eo'V), wokmh
(6H72 eo'V), sfwb (6H06 eo'V), T[od{ (4H61 eo'V), r[ioksh (4H13 eo'V), wfbnkbw (3H53 eo'V),
ezBV (3H47 eo'V), T[Vhnk (3H17 eo'V), G'ig[oh (2H31 eo'V) ns/ gzikph (2H24 eo'V) p'bh iKdh j?.
pkeh GkPktK p'bD tkb/ ftneshnK dh ;zfynk d; b~y ns/ d' eo'V d/ ftueko j?. e[M oki sK nkIkdh
s'A pknd GkPk d/ nkXko s/ jh g[Bo rfms ehs/ rJ/ ;B, fit/A gzikp d' GkrK gzikp ns/ jfonkDk ft~u
tzfvnk frnkl wjkokPNo d' GkrK wjkokPNo ns/ r[ioks ft~u tzfvnk frnk. e[M oki fit/A fwI'ow ns/
Bkrkb?Av ;z;feqfse nkXko s/ pDkJ/ rJ/.
Xow
Xow
Xow
Xow (Religions)^^ ^^ ^ukj/ Gkos dk e'Jh oki Xow BjhA j?, fco th fJ~E/ ;G gqeko d/ XowK d/ gkbD ns/
Xow
ftPtk; dh ;[szsosk dh g{oh rkozNh j?. gqw[~y XowK ft~u fjzd{ Xow (fi; d/ 1991 dh iBrDBk d/ nB[;ko
69H77 eo'V b'e, fi; ft~u nB[;{fus iksh ns/ iBiksh d/ b'e th Pkfwb ;B, iK d/P dh brGr 82H69#
iB^;zfynk nB[:kJh j?), fJ;bkw (fi; d/ 11H35# iB^;zfynk iK 9H58 eo'V b'e nB[:kJh jB), Jh;kJh