Page 231 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ 9 % ykxrksa ,oa vkxe osQ fl¼kar

^^nh?kZdkyhu vkSlr ykxr oozQ ,d ;kstuk oozQ gS D;ksafd ;g Hkfo"; esa mRiknu osQ foLrkj uksV
dh ;kstuk osQ lacaèk esa fu.kZ; ysus osQ fy, ,d m|eh dk ekxZn'kZd gSA** (The long-run
average cost curve is a planning curve, in the sense that it is a guide to the
entrepreneur in his decision to plan the future expansion of his output.—
Koutsoyiannis)

nh?kZdkyhu ykxr oozQ U-vkdkj dh D;ksa gksrh gS\ (Why is LAC Curve U-Shaped?)

nh?kZdkyhu ykxr oozQ vaxzsth Hkk"kk osQ U 'kCn dh rjg gksrh gSA bldk vfHkizk; ;g gqvk fd tc dksbZ iQeZ
mRiknu vkjaHk djrh gS rks LAC mQij ls uhps dh vksj fxj
jgh gksrh gSA bl voLFkk esa mRiknu dh ek=kk c<+us ls LAC nh?kZdky esa ykxr oozQ iSekus osQ c<+rs
de gks tkrh gSA blosQ i'pkr~~ LAC fLFkj (Constant) izfriQy osQ dkj.k fxjrh gS] iSekus osQ leku
jgrh gSA mRiknu dh ,d fuf'pr ek=kk osQ ckn LAC c<+uk izfriQy osQ dkj.k fLFkj jgrh gS rFkk iSekus
vkjaHk dj nsrh gSA nh?kZdkyhu vkSlr ykxr oozQ Hkh mRiknu osQ ?kVrs izfriQy osQ dkj.k mQij dh vksj
mBrh gSA
osQ iSekus dh cprksa (Economies) rFkk gkfu;k¡
(Diseconomies) osQ dkj.k U-vkdkj dh gksrh gSA
1- iSekus dh cprsa (Economies of Scale)μ,d iQeZ dh LAC oozQ osQ uhps fxjrs gq, Hkkx dk
eq[; dkj.k mRiknu esa o`f¼ gksus osQ iQyLo:i izkIr gksus okys iSekus dh cprsa (Economies of
Scale) gSaA ;s cprsa fuEufyf[kr dkj.kksa ls mRiUu gksrh gSaA
(i) Je foHkktu rFkk Je dk fof'k"Vhdj.k (Division and Specialisation of Labour)μ
ysÝVfop osQ vuqlkj] ,d cM+s IykaV ls vfèkd la[;k esa dke djus okys Jfedksa dks
fof'k"Vhdj.k (Specialisation) djus osQ fy, vis{kkÑr vfèkd volj gksrs gSaA
mRiknu dk iSekuk cM+k gksus osQ dkj.k dke dks dbZ NksVs&NksVs Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk tk ldrk gSA dke
osQ izR;sd Hkkx dks djus esa ,d Jfed fof'k"Vhdj.k izkIr dj ldrk gSA blosQ dkj.k Jfed
ml fo'ks"k dk;Z esa fuiq.krk izkIr dj ysrk gS ftlls dk;ZoqQ'kyrk esa o`f¼ gksrh gSA blosQ
vfrfjDr ,d fo'ks"k dke esa fof'k"Vhdj.k djus ls le; rFkk iw¡th dh cpr gksrh gSA Je
foHkktu osQ dkj.k u, vkfo"dkjksa osQ volj Hkh c<+ tkrs gSaA blosQ iQyLo:i izfr bdkbZ
mRiknu ykxr de gks tkrh gSA
(ii) rduhoQh cprsa (Technical Economies)μnh?kZdky esa mRiknu dk iSekus c<+kus osQ
iQyLo:i dbZ izdkj dh rduhdh cprsa izkIr gksrh gSa tSls Lopkfyr e'khuksa (Automatic
Machines) dk vfèkd iz;ksxA mUur rduhd }kjk mRiknu ykxrsa dks de fd;k tk ldrk
gSA blfy, rduhdh cprksa osQ dkj.k vkSlr ykxr de gksrh tkrh gSA
(iii) vfoHkkT;rk dh cprsa (Economies of Indivisibility)μts- ,l- csu (J. S. Bain) osQ
vuqlkj mRiknu osQ lkèkuksa dh vfoHkkT;rkvksa osQ iQyLo:i Hkh mRiknu esa o`f¼ djus ij
vkSlr ykxr de gksus yxrh gSA mRiknu osQ dbZ lkèkuksa dh ,d fuf'pr ek=kk dk iz;ksx djuk
vko';d gksrk gS] pkgs mRiknu de gks vFkok vfèkd gksA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ,d cM+h iQeZ ,d
mRiknu eSustj (Production Manager) dk mldh iw.kZ {kerk rd iz;ksx dj ldrh gS
ijarq ,d NksVh iQeZ mRiknu eSustj dh {kerk osQ nlosa Hkkx dk Hkh iz;ksx ugha dj ldrh gSA
vr,o mRiknu dh ek=kk tSls&tSls c<+rh gS vfoHkkftr lkèkuksa dk mudh iw.kZ {kerk rd iz;ksx
gksrk tkrk gS rFkk vkSlr ykxr de gksrh tkrh gSA
2- iSekus dh gkfu;k¡ (Diseconomies of Scale)μnh?kZdkyhu vkSlr ykxr osQ mQij dh vksj mBrs gq,
Hkkx dk eq[; dkj.k mRiknu esa o`f¼ gksus osQ dkj.k iSekus dh gksus okyh gkfu;k¡ (Diseconomies
of Scale) gSaA ,d iQeZ dk oqQ'ky izcaèk djus rFkk lefUor (Co-ordination) djus esa izcaèk dh

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