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bdkbZ 3 % miHkksDrk fl¼karμx.kukokpd mi;ksfxrk fo'ys"k.k





          3-2 oqQy rFkk lhekar mi;ksfxrk (Total and Marginal Utility)                            uksV

          mi;ksfxrk osQ eki osQ vkèkkj ij bldh nks èkkj.kk,¡ gks ldrh gSa % (1) oqQy mi;ksfxrk rFkk (2) lhekar
          mi;ksfxrkA

          1- oqQy mi;ksfxrk (Total Utility)
          fdlh oLrq dh fofHkUu ek=kkvksa osQ miHkksx ls izkIr mi;ksfxrk dh bdkb;ksa osQ tksM+ dks oqQy mi;ksfxrk dgk
          tkrk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] oqQy mi;ksfxrk fdlh oLrq dh ,d fuf'pr ek=kk osQ miHkksx ls izkIr larqf"V dk eki
          gSA ;g miHkksx dh xbZ oLrq dh oqQy ek=kk dk iQyu gS vkSj bls fuEu izdkj ls O;Dr fd;k tkrk gSμ

                                           TU  = f(Q )
                                              x      x
          (bls i<+k tk,xk &X dh oqQy mi;ksfxrk (TU ), X- oLrq dh ek=kk (Q ) dk iQyu (f) gSA)
                                                               x
                                            x
          ysÝVfop osQ 'kCnksa esa] ^^oqQy mi;ksfxrk ,d oLrq dh fofHkUu ek=kkvksa osQ miHkksx ls izkIr gksus okyh
          oqQy larqf"V gSA**  (Total Utility refers to the entire amount of satisfaction obtained
          from consuming various quantities of a commodity. – Leftwitch)A eku yhft, vki ,d
          le; esa 8 jlxqYys [kk ysrs gSaA bu 8 jlxqYyksa ls feyus okyh mi;ksfxrk osQ tksM+ dks oqQy mi;ksfxrk dgk
          tk,xkA

          2- lhekar mi;ksfxrk (Marginal Utility)

          lhekar mi;ksfxrk dh èkkj.kk dk fodkl izfl¼ vFkZ'kkL=kh tsoal us fd;k FkkA bls vfrfjDr mi;ksfxrk
          (Additional Utility) Hkh dgk tkrk gSA fdlh oLrq dh ,d vfèkd ;k ,d de bdkbZ osQ iz;ksx djus
          ls oqQy mi;ksfxrk esa tks ifjorZu gksrk gS] mls lhekar mi;ksfxrk dgk tkrk gSA eku yhft, igyh jksVh [kkus
          ls vkidks 15 ;wfVy mi;ksfxrk izkIr gksrh gS] nwljh jksVh [kkus osQ iQyLo:i nksuksa jksfV;ksa ls feyus okyh oqQy
          mi;ksfxrk 25 ;wfVy gks tkrh gSA bldk vFkZ gqvk fd nwljh jksVh osQ miHkksx ls oqQy mi;ksfxrk esa 10 ;wfVy
          (25 μ 15) dh o`f¼ gqbZA vr% nwljh jksVh dh lhekar mi;ksfxrk 10 ;wfVy gksxhA
          fyIlh osQ 'kCnksa esa] ^^oLrq dh ,d vfèkd bdkbZ osQ miHkksx djus ls oqQy mi;ksfxrk esa tks o`f¼ gksrh
          gS og lhekar mi;ksfxrk dgykrh gSA** (Marginal utility is the addition made to the total
          utility by consuming one more unit of commodity.                   —Lipsey)
          cksfYMax osQ vuqlkj] ^^lhekar mi;ksfxrk oqQy mi;ksfxrk esa gksus okyh og o`f¼ gS tks ,d vfèkd
          bdkbZ osQ miHkksx djus osQ dkj.k izkIr gksrh gSA** (The marginal utility is the increase in
          total utility which results from a unit increase in consumption.  —Boulding)
          lhekar mi;ksfxrk dks fuEufyf[kr lehdj.k dh lgk;rk ls ekik tk ldrk gS %
                                                              ΔTU
                              MU nth  = TU  – TU n – 1   Or  MU =   ΔQ
                                         n

          (;gk¡  MU   = nth bdkbZ dh lhekar mi;ksfxrk_  TU  = n bdkb;ksa dh oqQy mi;ksfxrk_
                   nth                                   n
          TU n–1 =  n–1 bdkbZ dh oqQy mi;ksfxrkA ΔTU = oqQy mi;ksfxrk esa ifjorZu_ ΔQ = oLrq dh ek=kk esa
          ifjorZu)
          lhekar mi;ksfxrk (i) èkukRed] (ii) 'kwU; rFkk (iii) ½.kkRed gks ldrh gSA
            (i) èkukRed lhekar mi;ksfxrk (Positive Marginal Utility)μfdlh oLrq dh vfrfjDr bdkb;ksa
               dk miHkksx djus ls ;fn oqQy mi;ksfxrk c<+rh tkrh gS] rks bu bdkb;ksa dh lhekar mi;ksfxrk èkukRed
               dgyk,xhA eku yhft, viuh Hkw[k dks larq"V djus osQ fy, vki jksVh [kkrs gSaA igyh jksVh ls vki



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