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O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar




                    uksV               8 bdkbZ rFkk nwljh jksVh ls 6 bdkbZ lhekar mi;ksfxrk izkIr djrs gSaA bl izdkj nks jksfV;ksa ls
                                       8$6 = 14 bdkb;k¡@;wfVy oqQy mi;ksfxrk izkIr djrs gSaA vr% jksVh dh vfrfjDr bdkb;ksa osQ [kkus
                                       osQ iQyLo:i oqQy mi;ksfxrk c<+rh tk jgh gSA mijksDr mnkgj.k esa nwljh jksVh ls izkIr lhekar
                                       mi;ksfxrk dks èkukRed mi;ksfxrk dgk tk,xkA
                                   (ii) 'kwU; lhekar mi;ksfxrk  (Zero Marginal Utility)μ;fn oLrq dh ,d vfrfjDr bdkbZ dk
                                        miHkksx djus ls oqQy mi;ksfxrk esa dksbZ ifjorZu ugha vkrk rks oLrq dh bl bdkbZ dh mi;ksfxrk 'kwU;
                                        gksxhA miHkksx osQ blh Lrj ij oqQy mi;ksfxrk vfèkdre gks tkrh gSA tgk¡ rd miHkksDrk dh
                                        larqf"V dk lacaèk gS] ;g iw.kZ larqf"V ;k iw.kZ r`fIr dk fcanq (Saturation Point) dgyk,xkA eku
                                       yhft, 4 jksfV;ksa osQ [kkus ls oqQy mi;ksfxrk 20 bdkbZ@;wfVy izkIr gksrh gS rFkk ik¡poha jksVh osQ [kkus
                                       ls oqQy mi;ksfxrk esa dksbZ ifjorZu ugha vkrk] og 20 gh jgrh gS] rc ik¡poha jksVh ls izkIr gksus okyh
                                       lhekar mi;ksfxrk 'kwU; gksxhA
                                  (iii) ½.kkRed lhekar mi;ksfxrk (Negative Marginal Utility)μfdlh oLrq dh vfrfjDr bdkbZ
                                       dk miHkksx djus ls ;fn oqQy mi;ksfxrk ?kV tkrh gS] rks bl bdkbZ dh lhekar mi;ksfxrk ½.kkRed
                                       dgyk,xhA ik¡p jksfV;ksa osQ miHkksx ls iw.kZ larqf"V vFkok r`fIr fcanq izkIr djus osQ ckn ;fn miHkksDrk
                                       dks NBh jksVh [kkus osQ fy, etcwj gksuk iM+rk gS rc ;g mldh ikpu 'kfDr dks [kjkc dj nsxhA
                                       blosQ ifj.kkeLo:i oqQy mi;ksfxrk de gksdj 18 gks tk,xhA bldk vFkZ gqvk fd NBh jksVh dh
                                       lhekar mi;ksfxrk (18μ20) = μ2 gksxh] ;g ,d ½.kkRed la[;k gSA


                                                     oqQy mi;ksfxrk lhekar mi;ksfxrk ls oSQls fHkUu gS\
                                    oqQy mi;ksfxrk fdlh oLrq dh lHkh bdkb;ksa ls izkIr mi;ksfxrk dk tksM+ gSA blosQ foijhr lhekar mi;ksfxrk
                                    fdlh oLrq dh ,d vfèkd bdkbZ dk iz;ksx djus ls izkIr vfrfjDr bdkbZ gSA vr,o
                                                         TU = ∑ MU
                                                      MU nth  =TU – TU n–1
                                                                  n






                                    uksV~l  lhekar mi;ksfxrk oqQy mi;ksfxrk esa gksus okyh og o`f¼ gS tks ,d vfèkd bdkbZ osQ miHkksx
                                            djus osQ dkj.k izkIr gksrh gSA


                                  3-3   oqQy mi;ksfxrk rFkk lhekar mi;ksfxrk esa varj rFkk laca/
                                        (Difference and Relation between Total Utility and Marginal Utility)

                                  uo ijaijkoknh vFkZ'kkL=kh tsoal (Jevons) us lcls igys oqQy mi;ksfxrk rFkk lhekar mi;ksfxrk osQ lacaèk
                                  vkSj varj osQ egÙo dh O;k[;k dh FkhA oqQy mi;ksfxrk rFkk lhekar mi;ksfxrk osQ varj rFkk lacaèk dks
                                  rkfydk 1 rFkk fp=k 1 dh lgk;rk ls Li"V fd;k tk ldrk gSA














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