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O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar
uksV 2- miHkksDrk dh cpr (Consumer’s Surplus)μdbZ ckj ,d miHkksDrk fdlh oLrq osQ fy, mldh
okLrfod dher ls cgqr vfèkd dher nsus osQ fy, rS;kj ,oa bPNqd gksrk gS] bu nksuksa dherksa osQ
varj dks miHkksDrk dh cpr dgk tkrk gSA miHkksDrk ml oqQy mi;ksfxrk osQ cjkcj dher nsus osQ fy,
rS;kj gksrk gS tks og oLrq dh lHkh bdkb;ksa ls izkIr djrk gS ijarq okLro esa og oLrq dh lhekar bdkbZ
dh mi;ksfxrk ;k lhekar mi;ksfxrk osQ cjkcj dher nsrk gSA lhekar bdkbZ ls vfHkizk; oLrq dh ml
vfrfjDr bdkbZ ls gS tks miHkksDrk [kjhnus osQ fy, rS;kj gksrk gSA bl vfrfjDr bdkbZ ls igys
miHkksDrk }kjk [kjhnh xbZ izR;sd bdkbZ (bUgsa varj&lhekar bdkb;k¡ dgk tkrk gS) dh lhekar
mi;ksfxrk vfrfjDr bdkbZ dh lhekar mi;ksfxrk ls vfèkd gksrh gSA bu lHkh bdkb;ksa dh lhekar
mi;ksfxrk osQ tksM+ dks oqQy mi;ksfxrk dgrs gSaA ijarq dher osQ lhekar mi;ksfxrk osQ cjkcj gksus osQ
dkj.k] miHkksDrk }kjk nh tkus okyh eqnzk dh okLrfod jkf'k lhekar mi;ksfxrk (dher) rFkk [kjhnh
xbZ bdkb;ksa dh la[;k dh xq.kk osQ cjkcj gksrh gSA vr,o oLrq dh bdkb;ksa dh ,d nh gqbZ la[;k
dh oqQy mi;ksfxrk osQ vkèkkj ij nh tkus okyh eqnzk dh jkf'k rFkk mlh oLrq dh bdkb;ksa dh leku
la[;k dh lhekar mi;ksfxrk osQ vkèkkj ij nh xbZ okLrfod eqnzk&jkf'k esa varj gksxkA bl varj ;k
vkfèkD; dks gh miHkksDrk dh cpr dgk tkrk gSA vr% miHkksDrk dh cpr dh èkkj.kk dk
vkèkkj oqQy mi;ksfxrk rFkk lhekar mi;ksfxrk esa ik;k tkus okyk varj gSA
3-5 lhekar mi;ksfxrk ßkl fu;e (Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility)
lhekar mi;ksfxrk ßkl fu;e mi;ksfxrk fo'ys"k.k dh vkèkkjf'kyk gSA bl fu;e dk vius izfrfnu osQ thou
esa ge lc vuqHko djrs gSaA fdlh fuf'pr le; vofèk esa ;fn vki isu [kjhnuk pkgrs gSa rc tSls&tSls vkiosQ
ikl isuksa dh la[;k c<+rh tk,xh rc izR;sd vxys isu ls feyus okyh lhekar mi;ksfxrk de gksrh tk,xhA
euq"; osQ thou dh bl okLrfodrk dks gh vFkZ'kkL=k esa lhekar mi;ksfxrk ßkl fu;e dgk tkrk gSA vr%
lhekar mi;ksfxrk ßkl fu;e ;g crykrk gS fd ;fn vU; ckrsa leku jgsa] tc ,d fuf'pr le;
esa fdlh oLrq dk vfèkd mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS rks ml oLrq dh lhekar mi;ksfxrk ?kVrh tkrh gSA
mUuhloha 'krkCnh osQ dbZ vFkZ'kkL=kh tSls csaFke] xkWlsu] tsoal] esatj vkSj okWyjl bl fu;e osQ izfriknu
osQ fy, mÙkjnk;h gSaA tsoal osQ vuqlkj ;g fu;e oscj&iSQpuj (Weber-Fechner) osQ euksoSKkfud fu;e
ij vkèkkfjr gS] ftlosQ vuqlkj fdlh oLrq dh ek=kk c<+us ij mldh vfrfjDr bdkb;ksa dk egÙo de gksrk
tkrk gSA cksfYMax bl fu;e dks “Law of Eventually Diminishing Marginal Utility” osQ uke
ls iqdkjrs gSaA bls xkWlsu dk izFke fu;e (Gossen’s First Law) Hkh dgk tkrk gSA
1- ek'kZy osQ vuqlkj] ^^,d O;fDr osQ ikl fdlh oLrq dh ftruh ek=kk gks mlesa fuf'pr o`f¼
osQ iQyLo:i mldks tks vfrfjDr mi;ksfxrk izkIr gksrh gS og mldh ek=kk esa gksus okyh izR;sd
o`f¼ ls de gksrh tkrh gSA** (The additional benefit which a person derives from a
given stock of a thing diminishes with every increase in the stock that he
already has. —Marshall)
2- lSE;qylu osQ 'kCnksa esa] ^^lhekar mi;ksfxrk ßkl fu;e crykrk gS fd vU; ckrsa leku jgus ij
tSls&tSls fdlh oLrq dh miHkksx dh ek=kk c<+rh gS] ml oLrq dh lhekar mi;ksfxrk de gksus
dh izo`fÙk izdV gksrh gSA** (The law of diminishing marginal utility states that
ceteris paribus as the amount of a good consumed increases, the marginal
utility of that good diminishes. — Samuelson)
mijksDr ifjHkk"kkvksa ls Li"V gks tkrk gS fd lhekar mi;ksfxrk ßkl fu;e osQ vuqlkj fdlh fuf'pr
le; esa tc fdlh oLrq dh vfrfjDr bdkb;ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS rks oLrq dh izR;sd vxyh
bdkbZ ls feyus okyh lhekar mi;ksfxrk] vU; ckrsa leku jgus ij] fiNyh bdkbZ dh rqyuk esa de
gksrh tkrh gSA
34 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
