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O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar
uksV
fp=k 3-3
Y (A) Y (B)
M P D
Marginal Utility M 3 1 2 Diminishing M.U. Price P 3 1 2 Demand Curve
M
P
M
O X O D
Q Q Q X
1 2 3 Q Q Q 3
2
1
Quantity U Quantity
fp=k 3-3(A) lhekar mi;ksfxrk oozQ vkSj 3-3(B) ek¡x oozQ dks izdV dj jgk gSA ;g DD ek¡x oozQ MU
oozQ dh lgk;rk ls izkIr dh xbZ gSA
3-9 le&lhekar mi;ksfxrk dk fu;e (Law of Equi-Marginal Utility)
vFkok
mi;ksfxrk fo'ys"k.k ,oa miHkksDrk dk larqyu
(Utility Analysis and Consumer’s Equilibrium)
le&lhekar mi;ksfxrk osQ fu;e osQ vuqlkj ,d miHkksDrk viuh vk; dks fofHkUu oLrqvksa ij [kpZ djosQ
vfèkdre larqf"V ;k larqyu dh fLFkfr izkIr dj ldrk gSA miHkksDrk osQ larqyu dh fLFkfr og voLFkk gS
ftlesa ,d miHkksDrk viuh lhfer vk; ls vfèkdre larqf"V izkIr dj jgk gSA vFkZ'kkL=k esa miHkksDrk osQ O;;
ls lacafèkr bl fu;e dh O;k[;k lcls igys 19oha 'krkCnh osQ izsaQp bathfu;j xkWlsu us dh FkhA blfy, bls
xkWlsu dk f}rh; fu;e (Second Law of Gossen) Hkh dgk tkrk gSA MkW- ek'kZy us bl fu;e dks
^^le&lhekar mi;ksfxrk dk fu;e** dgk gSA bl fu;e osQ vuqlkj ,d miHkksDrk dks vfèkdre
larqf"V izkIr djus osQ fy, fofHkUu oLrqvksa ij viuh lhfer vk; bl izdkj [kpZ djuh pkfg, fd
izR;sd oLrq ij [kpZ fd, tkus okys vafre #i;s ls feyus okyh lhekar mi;ksfxrk cjkcj gksA
vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa us bl fu;e osQ fofHkUu uke fn, gSaA bl fu;e dks ysÝVfop us ^^miHkksDrk dh larqf"V osQ
vfèkdredj.k dk lkekU; fl¼kar** (The General Principle for Maximisation of Consumer’s
Satisfaction) dk uke fn;k gSA ljy 'kCnksa esa bls ^^vfèkdre larqf"V dk fu;e** (Law of
Maximum Satisfaction) dgk tkrk gS D;ksafd bl fu;e osQ vuqlkj viuh vk; [kpZ djus osQ
iQyLo:i miHkksDrk dks vfèkdre larqf"V izkIr gksxhA fgCMu us bls ^^fopkjoku miHkksDrk dk fu;e**
(Law of Rational Consumer) dgk gS] ,d fopkjoku miHkksDrk og gS tks vfèkd larqf"V izkIr djuk
pkgrk gSA vr% ,d fopkjoku miHkksDrk viuk O;; bl fu;e osQ vuqlkj gh djsxkA bl fu;e dks
^izfrLFkkiu dk fu;e* (Law of Substitution) Hkh dgk tkrk gS D;ksafd bl fu;e osQ vuqlkj ,d
miHkksDrk vfèkd mi;ksfxrk okyh oLrq dk de mi;ksfxrk okyh oLrq osQ fy, rc rd izfrLFkkiu djsxk tc
rd nksuksa ls feyus okyh lhekar mi;ksfxrk cjkcj ugha gks tkrhA ykMZ jkWfcal osQ vuqlkj ;g ^vFkZ'kkL=k dk
fu;e* (Law of Economics) gS] D;ksafd ;g fu;e vFkZ'kkL=k osQ izR;sd {ks=k tSls] mRiknu] miHkksx]
fofu;e] forj.k rFkk jktLo ij ykxw gksrk gSA
38 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
