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bdkbZ 3 % miHkksDrk fl¼karμx.kukokpd mi;ksfxrk fo'ys"k.k
ek'kZy osQ vuqlkj] ^^;fn fdlh O;fDr osQ ikl ,slh oLrq gS ftls og fofHkUu izdkj ls iz;ksx dj uksV
ldrk gS rks og bldk vusd iz;ksxksa esa bl izdkj forj.k djsxk fd bldh lhekar mi;ksfxrk izR;sd
esa leku gksA** (If a person has a thing which he can put to several uses he will
distribute it among these uses in such a way that it has the same marginal utility in
all. —Marshall)
eSdkSuy osQ 'kCnksa esa] ^^le&lhekar mi;ksfxrk fu;e crykrk gS fd mi;ksfxrk vfèkdre djus osQ
fy, miHkksDrkvksa }kjk viuh lhfer vk; dk c¡Vokjk fofHkUu oLrqvksa esa bl izdkj fd;k tkuk
pkfg, fd lHkh oLrqvksa dh vafre bdkbZ osQ miHkksx ls izfr MkWyj leku lhekar mi;ksfxrk izkIr gksA**
(The law of equi-marginal utility states that to maximise utility, consumers must
allocate their limited income, among goods in such a way that marginal utilities per
doller of demand from the last unit consumed are equal among all good.
—McConnell)
lSE;qylu osQ vuqlkj] ^^,d miHkksDrk ml le; vfèkdre larqf"V izkIr djrk gS tc lc oLrqvksa dh
lhekar mi;ksfxrkvksa rFkk mudh dherksa dk vuqikr cjkcj gksrk gSA** (A consumer gets
maximum satisfaction when the ratio of marginal utilities of all commodities and
their prices is equal. —Samuelson)
MU 1 MU 2 MU 3
= =
P 1 P 2 P 3
;fn oLrqvksa dh dhersa leku gSa rks miHkksDrk dh vfèkdre larqf"V dks fuEu lehdj.k }kjk izdV fd;k tk
ldrk gSA
MU = MU = MU
1 2 3
mijksDr lehdj.k esa MU = MU = MU igyh] nwljh vkSj rhljh oLrq dh lhekar mi;ksfxrk gSA
2
1
3
P , P , P igyh] nwljh rFkk rhljh oLrq dh dher gSA
1 2 3
ekU;rk,¡ (Assumptions)
le lhekar mi;ksfxrk dk fu;e fuEufyf[kr ekU;rkvksa ij vkèkkfjr gS %
(1) mi;ksfxrk dks x.kukokpd la[;k esa ekik tk ldrk gSA
(2) miHkksDrk foosd'khy gS vFkkZZr~ og viuh vk; ls vfèkdre larqf"V izkIr djuk pkgrk gSA
(3) miHkksDrk dh vk; fLFkj jgrh gSA
(4) eqnzk dh lhekar mi;ksfxrk fLFkj jgrh gSA
(5) oLrqvksa dh dhersa fLFkj jgrh gSaA
(6) oLrq dks NksVh bdkb;ksa esa foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gSA bldk vFkZ ;g gqvk fd miHkksDrk viuh vk;
dks ,d&,d #i;k djosQ [kpZ dj ldrk gSA
(7) ?kVrh lhekar mi;ksfxrk dk fu;e ykxw gksrk gSA
O;k[;k (Explanation)
bl fu;e dh O;k[;k rkfydk 3 vkSj fp=k 3-4 }kjk dh tk ldrh gSA eku yhft, ,d O;fDr dh vk;
5-00 #i;s gSA og viuh bl lhfer vk; dks nks oLrqvksa vke vkSj nwèk ij [kpZ djuk pkgrk gSA ;g Hkh
eku yhft, fd nksuksa oLrqvksa dh dher 1 #i;k izfr fdyks@yhVj gSA vkeksa rFkk nwèk dh lhekar mi;ksfxrk
rkfydk 3 ls Li"V gks tkrh gSA
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