Page 50 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar

uksV

VkLd fu;e osQ egÙo ij vius fopkj O;Dr djsaA

3-12 fu;e dh vkykspuk,¡ (Criticisms of the Law)

bl fu;e dh eq[; vkykspuk,¡ fuEufyf[kr gSaμ

1- miHkksDrk iwjh rjg ls foosd'khy ugha gksrs (Consumers are not Fully Rational)μbl
fu;e dh ;g ekU;rk] fd miHkksDrk&iw.kZ :i ls foosd'khy gksrs gSa] mfpr ugha gSA miHkksDrk LoHkko
ls gh vkylh gksrs gSa] os viuh vknrksa] jhfr&fjoktksa vkfn dks larq"V djus osQ fy, dbZ ckj de
mi;ksfxrk okyh oLrqvksa dks Hkh [kjhn ysrs gSaA blosQ iQyLo:i mudks vfèkdre larqf"V izkIr ugha
gksrhA
2- miHkksDrk dk fglkch u gksuk (Consumer is not Calculating)μ;g fu;e bl xyr ekU;rk
ij vkèkkfjr gS fd viuh vk; [kpZ djrs le; miHkksDrk ;g fglkc yxkrk jgrk gS fd #i;s dh izfr
bdkbZ ls mls fdruh lhekar mi;ksfxrk izkIr gks jgh gSA bl fu;e dh ;g ekU;rk Hkh mfpr ugha gS
fd miHkksDrk fofHkUu oLrqvksa ij [kpZ fd, tkus okys #i;ksa dh bdkb;ksa ls feyus okyh lhekar
mi;ksfxrk dh rqyuk djrk jgrk gSA okLrfod thou esa 'kk;n gh dksbZ miHkksDrk bruk vfèkd fglkch
gksrk gS fd og izR;sd oLrq ls feyus okyh lhekar mi;ksfxrk dh rqyuk djrk jgsA bl izdkj bl fu;e
dk O;kogkfjd :i esa ykxw gksuk dfBu gks tkrk gSA
3- oLrqvksa dh miyCèkrk dk vHkko (Non-availability of Goods)μ;fn vfèkd mi;ksfxrk nsus
okyh oLrq,¡ cktkj esa miyCèk ugha gksrha rks miHkksDrk dks de mi;ksfxrk nsus okyh oLrqvksa dk miHkksx
djuk iM+sxkA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ;fn cktkj esa oqQfoaQx xSl dh deh gS rc gesa dks;yk ;k feV~Vh dk
rsy tykuk iM+sxkA ;fn budh mi;ksfxrk oqQfoaQx xSl dh rqyuk esa de gksrh gS rks miHkksDrk vfèkdre
larqf"V izkIr ugha dj losQxkA
4- miHkksDrk dh vKkurk (Ignorance of the Consumer)μmiHkksDrk dks miHkksx ls lacafèkr dbZ
ckrksa dk Kku ugha gksrkA dbZ ckj mls oLrqvksa dh mfpr dher dk irk ugha gksrkA mls ;g Hkh Kku
ugha gksrk fd oLrq osQ lLrs izfrLFkkiu dkSu ls gSaA mls oLrq osQ fofHkUu mi;ksxksa dk Kku ugha gksrkA
bl vKkurk osQ dkj.k miHkksDrk vius [kpZ dks bl <ax ls ugha dj ikrk fd mls vfèkdre larqf"V
izkIr gksA
5- oLrqvksa dh vfoHkkT;rk (Indivisibility of Goods)μ;g fu;e mu oLrqvksa ij ykxw ugha gksrk
ftUgsa NksVs&NksVs Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vuk laHko u gksA dkj] Vsyhfotu lsV] LowQVj vkfn dh de ls de ,d
bdkbZ gesa vo'; [kjhnuh iM+sxhA ;fn gesa fofHkUu oLrqvksa ls feyus okyh lhekar mi;ksfxrk dks cjkcj
djus osQ fy, bu vfoHkkftr oLrqvksa dh ,d vfèkd bdkbZ dh vko';drk gks rks gekjs fy, mls
[kjhnuk laHko u gksxk] blfy, ;g fu;e bu vfoHkkftr oLrqvksa ij ykxw ugha gksrkA
6- vfuf'pr ctV vofèk (No Definite Budget Period)μbl fu;e dh ,d lhek ;g gS fd
miHkksDrk dh ctV vofèk fuf'pr ugha gSA miHkksDrk viuh vk; dks fofHkUu iz;ksxksa esa [kpZ djus osQ
fy, ftl le;kofèk dk è;ku j[krk gS mls ctV vofèk dgk tkrk gSA ;g ,d eghuk ;k ,d o"kZ
Hkh gks ldrh gSA cgqr&lh oLrq,¡ tSls Vsyhfotu] fizQt vkfn ,d ctV vofèk esa [kjhnh tkrh gSa] ijarq
muls dbZ ctV vofèk;ksa esa mi;ksfxrk izkIr gksrh jgrh gSA bu oLrqvksa dh lhekar mi;ksfxrk dh rqyuk
vU; oLrqvksa dh lhekar mi;ksfxrkvksa ls ugha dh tk ldrhA

44 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY