Page 49 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ 3 % miHkksDrk fl¼karμx.kukokpd mi;ksfxrk fo'ys"k.k

3- fofue; (Exchange)μfofue; dk vFkZ gS de mi;ksfxrk dh oLrq dks vfèkd mi;ksfxrk okyh uksV
oLrq }kjk cnyukA bl fu;e osQ vuqlkj izR;sd O;fDr fofue; djrs le; de mi;ksfxrk okyh oLrq
dks vfèkd mi;ksfxrk okyh oLrq ls ml le; rd izfrLFkkfir djrk jgsxk tc rd nksuksa ls feyus
okyh lhekar mi;ksfxrk cjkcj u gks tk,A tgk¡ nksuksa ls feyus okyh lhekar mi;ksfxrk cjkcj gks
tkrh gS] ogha fofue; jksd fn;k tkrk gSA eqnzk dk Hkh nwljh oLrqvksa ;k lsokvksa osQ cnys esa fofue;
rc rd gh djuk pkfg, tc rd muls feyus okyh lhekar mi;ksfxrk] mu ij [kpZ fd, tkus okyh
eqnzk dh lhekar mi;ksfxrk osQ] cjkcj ugha gks tkrhA
4- forj.k (Distribution)μforj.k dk vFkZ gS jk"Vªh; vk; dk fofHkUu lkèkuksa esa c¡VokjkA ;g c¡Vokjk
bl izdkj fd;k tkrk gS fd izR;sd lkèku dks viuh lhekar mRikndrk osQ cjkcj jk"Vªh; vk; esa ls
Hkkx izkIr gks tk,A ,slk c¡Vokjk djus osQ fy, lkèkuksa (tSls Je osQ fy, iw¡th dk izfrLFkkiu) dk
izfrLFkkiu rd gksrk jgrk gS tc rd mRiknu osQ lkèkuksa dh lhekar mRikndrk mudks feyus okyh
vk; (Remuneration) osQ cjkcj u gks tk, rFkk fofHkUu lkèkuksa dh lhekar mRikndrk vkil esa
cjkcj u gks tk,A

5- lkoZtfud foÙk (Public Finance)μbl fu;e dk lkoZtfud foÙk vFkkZr~ jkT; dh vk; rFkk
O;; osQ lacaèk esa Hkh cM+k egÙo gSA dj yxkrs le; foÙk ea=kh bl fu;e dh lgk;rk ysrk gSA og
dj ,sls rjhosQ ls yxkrk gS fd izR;sd djnkrk dk lhekar R;kx (Marginal Sacrifice) cjkcj gks]
rc gh djnkrkvksa ij ml dj dk cks> de ls de iM+sxkA bl mís'; dh iwfrZ osQ fy, foÙk ea=kh dks
,d dj osQ LFkku ij nwljs dj dk izfrLFkkiu djuk iM+rk gSA blh izdkj ljdkjh O;; djrs le;
bl ckr dk è;ku j[kk tkrk gS fd izR;sd izdkj osQ O;; ls izkIr gksus okyk lhekar ykHk (Marginal
Benefit) turk osQ fy, cjkcj gksA tc fdlh ns'k esa djksa osQ :i esa fd;k x;k lhekar lkekftd
R;kx (Marginal Social Sacrifice) rFkk O;; ls izkIr lhekar lkekftd ykHk (Marginal
Social Benefit) cjkcj gks tk, rks vfèkdre lkekftd ykHk (Maximum Social
Advantage) izkIr gksxkA
6- cpr rFkk miHkksx esa vk; dk forj.k (Distribution of Income between Saving and
Consumption)μbl fu;e osQ vuqlkj cpr rFkk miHkksx ij vk; dk forj.k bl rjg djuk
pkfg, fd orZeku vko';drk ij [kpZ dh tkus okyh eqnzk dh vafre bdkbZ ls mruh gh mi;ksfxrk
izkIr gks tks cpr osQ fy, j[kh xbZ eqnzk dh vafre bdkbZ dh mi;ksfxrk osQ cjkcj gksA bl izdkj dk
forj.k vkn'kZ forj.k (Optimum Allocation) dgykrk gSA
7- oLrqvksa dk vkn'kZ forj.k (Optimum Distribution of Commodities)μLora=k ck”kkj
vFkZO;oLFkk esa bl fu;e dh lgk;rk ls lekt esa oLrqvksa osQ vkn'kZ forj.k dk vè;;u fd;k tk
ldrk gSA vkn'kZ forj.k oLrqvksa dk og forj.k gS ftlesa FkksM+k&lk Hkh ifjorZu lekt }kjk izkIr oqQy
mi;ksfxrk dks de dj nsxkA vkn'kZ forj.k ml le; laHko gksrk gS tc fdlh oLrq dk fofHkUu
O;fDr;ksa esa bl izdkj forj.k fd;k tk, fd izR;sd O;fDr dks feyus okyh lhekar mi;ksfxrk
cjkcj gks tk,A
8- laifÙk dk forj.k (Distribution of Assets)μ;g fu;e yksxksa dks viuh laifÙk fofHkUu dk;ks±
esa forfjr djus esa lgk;rk nsrk gSA eku yhft, fdlh O;fDr osQ ikl ,d yk[k #i;k gS] og bl
#i;s dks fofHkUu izdkj dh ifjlaifÙk;ksa tSls udnh] cSad tek] ckW.M~l] LVkWd] 'ks;j rFkk edku vkfn
esa fuos'k djuk pkgrk gSA bl fu;e osQ vuqlkj èku dk fofHkUu ifjlaifÙk;ksa (Assets) ij bl izdkj
fuos'k fd;k tkuk pkfg, fd izR;sd ifjlaifÙk ij fuos'k dh xbZ #i;s dh vafre bdkbZ ls leku lhekar
mi;ksfxrk izkIr gksA bl izdkj mls lc ifjlaifÙk;ksa ls yxHkx leku :i ls euksoSKkfud ykHk izkIr
gksxk vkSj og vfèkdre larqf"V izkIr dj losQxkA

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