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bdkbZ 19 % iQeZ osQ O;ogkj&lacaèkh vkSj izcaèkdh; fl¼kar
ikyu djrh gSaA cksey osQ vuqlkj] vkèkqfud fuxeksa esa LokfeRo vkSj fu;a=k.k osQ vyx gks tkus ls] ykHkksa dh uksV
ykxr ij Hkh oaQiuh foØ; c<+kdj] izcaèkd izfr"Bk vkSj Å¡ps osru pkgrs gSaA vusd iQeks± dk ijke'kZnkrk gksus
osQ dkj.k] cksey us ;g ns[kk fd tc O;olk;h izcaèkdksa ls iwNk x;k fd mudk O;olk; fiNys o"kZ oSQlk
jgk] rks os vDlj mÙkj nsrs] ¶gekjs foØ; rhu fefy;u MkWyj c<+ x,A¸ fiQj] dksbZ vU; izcaèkd ;g mÙkj
nsrs] ¶muosQ foØ; c<+s (vFkok de) jgsA¸ vius ykHkksa osQ ckjs esa ;fn ckr djrs rks osQoy ckn esa fopkj
osQ :i esaA vr%] cksey osQ vuqlkj] vkxe vFkok foØ; vfèkdredj.k] u fd ykHk vfèkdredj.k] iQeks±
osQ okLrfod O;ogkj ls esy [kkrk gSA ijarq izcaèku dk vYidkyhu ,oa nh?kZdkyhu è;s; foØ; vfèkdre
ekuk tkrk gSA foØ; vfèkdre osQoy lkèku gh ugha gS cfYd lkè; Hkh gSA vius fl¼kar osQ i{k esa og
vusd roZQ nsrk gSA mlosQ vuqlkj] ,d iQeZ viuh fcØh osQ vkdkj dks cgqr egÙo nsrh gS rFkk fcØh osQ
de gksus ij cgqr ¯pfrr gksrh gSA ;fn iQeZ dh fcØh de gksuh izkjaHk gks tkrh gS rks cSad] ½.knkrk] rFkk
iw¡th ek£dV mls foÙk iznku djus dks rS;kj ugha gksrs gSaA blosQ vius forjd vkSj O;kikjh bldh oLrqvksa esa
fnypLih ysuk can dj nsrs gSa] rFkk miHkksDrk Hkh bldh oLrqvksa dks ugha [kjhnuk pkgrs D;ksafd ;g ?kkVs esa
tk jgh gksrh gSA ijarq ;fn iQeZ dh fcØh vfèkd gks rks iQeZ dk vkdkj c<+rk gS ftldk vfHkizk; blosQ ykHk
vfèkd gSaA
,dy oLrq osQ lkFk ekWMy (Model with Single Product)μvfèkdre foØ; ls cksey dk vfHkizk;
vfèkdre oqQy vkxe gSA bldk vFkZ mRiknu dh vfèkd ek=kkvksa dk foØ; ugha cfYd ekSfæd foØ;
(#i,] Mkyj] vkfn) esa o`f¼ gSA foØ; vfèkdre ykHk osQ ¯cnq rd c<+ ldrk gS tgk¡ lhekar ykxr vkSj
lhekar vkxe cjkcj gksrs gSaA ijarq ;fn blls vkxs c<+k fn;k tk, rks ykHk de djosQ ekSfæd vk; c<+ ldrh
gSA ij vYikfèkdkjh iQeZ ;g pkgrh gS fd mlosQ ekSfæd foØ; c<+sa pkgs mls U;wure ykHk gksA U;wure ykHkksa
ls vfHkizk; vfèkdre ykHkksa ls de ykHk gSA U;wure ykHk iQeZ dh foØ; vfèkdre djus dh vko';drk
}kjk fuèkkZfjr gksrs gSa vkSj fcØh esa gks jgh o`f¼ dks dk;e j[kus osQ fy, gSaA ;g Hkfo"; dh fcØh esa #i;k
yxkus osQ fy, Hkh vko';d gksrs gSaA fiQj] os iQeZ dh vU; foÙkh; vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus osQ fy, rFkk
'ks;j iw¡th ij ykHkka'k nsus osQ fy, Hkh t:jh gksrs gSaA vr% U;wure ykHk ,d iQeZ osQ vfèkdre ykHk osQ
izfrcaèk dk dk;Z djrs gSaA cksey osQ vuqlkj ¶vfèkdre vkxe osQoy ml mRiknu ij izkIr gksxk tgk¡ ek¡x
dh yksp bdkbZ osQ cjkcj gksxh vFkkZr~ ;gk¡ lhekar vkxe 'kwU; gksrk gS tks vfèkdre ykHk fu;e dh lhekar
ykxr lhekar vkxe leku gksus dh 'krZ ysrh gSA¸ ;g fp=k 19-3 esa fn[kk;k x;k gS tgk¡ ykHk vfèkdre iQeZ
OQ ek=kk mRikfnr djrh gS ftlosQ MC rFkk MR oØ P ¯cnq ij feyrs gSa ijarq foØ;&vfèkdre iQeZ ek=kk
mRikfnr djsxh tgk¡ MR oØ 'kwU; gSA
fp=k 19-3
MC
P
Price and Cost E MR P 1
O Q Q
1
Quantity
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