Page 422 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar

uksV ek£dV ek¡x vkSj iwfrZ oozQ gSaA ;s fcanq E ij dkVrs gSa vkSj OQ mRiknu fuèkkZfjr gksrk gSA ijarq ;g
mRiknu dk lkekftd b"Vre Lrj ugha gSA oLrq osQ mRiknu dks izksRlkfgr djus osQ fy, ftlls
èkukRed cfgHkkZo izkIr gksrs gSa] mRiknd dks ljdkj B osQ cjkcj lfClMh iznku djrh gS ftlls ek¡x
oozQ D mQij dks ljddj D gks tkrk gSA blls mRikfnr dh xbZ oLrq dh ek=kk OQ ls c<+ dj OQ
1 1
gks tkrh gS tks lkekftd b"Vre Lrj gSA bl izdkj lkekftd ,oa futh ykxrksa vkSj ykHkkssa esa lekurk
ykus osQ fy, dj vkSj lfClMh lcls izHkko'kkyh mik; gSaA

fp=k 24-1 fp=k 24-2

b
T e
S B
1 E
E 1 S
Price E Good-Y b
T D d e l 1
D l
d
O Q Q O
1 X 1 X X C
2
Quantity
Good-X
3- lkoZtfud oLrq,¡ (Public goods)μ;fn ,d lkoZtfud oLrq osQ laHkkfor miHkksDrkvksa dh la[;k
vR;fèkd gks rks mls fdlh tu izkfèkdkjh (Public authority) dh lgk;rk ls gh miHkksDrkvksa esa
ck¡Vk tk ldrk gSA D;ksafd lkoZtfud oLrqvksa osQ ykHk vfoHkkT; gksrs gSa] blfy, ljdkj dks pkfg,
fd og ,sls rjhosQ viuk, ftuls lkoZtfud oLrqvksa dh ykxrsa turk esa ck¡Vh tk losaQ rkfd izR;sd
O;fDr mudk miHkksx djosQ igys ls vPNh fLFkfr esa gksA blosQ vfrfjDr] ;fn ,d lkoZtfud oLrq
ls laHkkfor ykHk mldh ykxrksa ls vfèkd gksa] ftuls ljdkj }kjk viuh fØ;k osQ {ks=k osQ foLrkj ls
vkjksfir (Imputed) ykxrsa Hkh 'kkfey gksa rks yksd fØ;k (Public activity) osQ {ks=k esa ;g o`f¼
vkfFkZd dY;k.k osQ vkèkkj ij iw.kZ:i ls U;k;laxr gSA
4- ,dhdj.k (Unitisation)μ,d vU; mik; mRiknu esa cfgHkkZoksa dk vkarfjdhdj.k gSA ,d gh {ks=k
esa tc rsy mRiknu esa iQesZ yxkbZ tkrh gSa rks muls vR;fèkd cjekdj.k (drilling) vkSj ia¯ix gksrs
gSa] ftuls mRiknu vferO;f;rk,¡ gksrh gSaA iQeks± osQ foy;u (merger) ls mRiknu dh vferO;f;rkvksa
osQ fcuk rsy cM+h oqQ'kyrk osQ lkFk mRikfnr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
5- laifÙk vfèkdkj (Property rights)μizks- jksukYM dksl (Ronald Coase) us ;g O;Dr fd;k gS
fd cfgHkkZoksa dk eq[; Ïksr laifÙk vfèkdkjksa dk vlaxr vkoaVu (Inappropriate assignment)
gSA mlosQ vuqlkj ;fn laifÙk vfèkdkj Li"Vr;k ifjHkkf"kr fd, tkrs gSa rks izHkkfor O;fDr cfgHkkZoksa
dks vkarfjdhÑr djus osQ fy, uhfr;k¡ viuk,xkA blosQ fy, ;g vko';d gS fd laifÙk vfèkdkj
fooszQ; (Marketable) gks rkfd futh lkSnsckth dh tk losQA mlosQ vuqlkj ek£dV ra=k ijsVks b"Vre
dh vksj ys tk ldrk gSA

D;k vki tkurs gSa vk£Fkd lekurk gh dY;k.k dks vfèkdre djrh gSA

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