Page 421 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ 24 % ihxw dk dY;k.k vFkZ'kkL=k vkSj cfgHkkZo

mipkjh mik; (Remedial measures)μfuth vkSj lkekftd ykxrksa vkSj ykHkksa esa lekurk ykus osQ fy, uksV
ihxw jkT; gLr{ksi osQ i{k esa FkkA mRiknu rFkk miHkksx esa gksus okys cfgHkkZoksa osQ dkj.k tks varj bu ykxrksa
vkSj ykHkksa esa mRiUu gksrs gSa] mUgsa ihxw djksa] vk£Fkd lgk;rk rFkk vU; lkekftd fu;a=k.k mik;ksa }kjk can
djus dk lq>ko nsrk gS] ftudk vc fo'ys"k.k fd;k tkrk gSA
1- lkekftd fu;a=k.k mik; (Social control measures)μloZizFke] ihxw vkn'kZ mRikn (ideal
output) ;k b"Vre dY;k.k dh izkfIr osQ fy, lkekftd fu;a=k.k osQ mik; lq>krk gSA mlosQ vuqlkj]
jk"Vªh; ykHkka'k vfèkdre gksxk] tc lkekftd 'kq¼ mRikn (Social net Product) osQ ewY; lHkh
laHko iz;ksxksa esa leku gksaA ;fn lkèkuksa osQ lkekftd 'kq¼ mRikn dk ewY; ,d iz;ksx esa nwljs iz;ksx
dh vis{kk de gks rks lkèkuksa dks mRiknu osQ vfèkd ykHknk;d <axksa esa LFkkukarj.k djosQ jk"Vªh;
ykHkka'k c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA ,slk lkekftd fu;a=k.k }kjk gh laHko gks ldrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ rkSj ij]
ljdkj èkqvk¡ mRiUu djus okyh iSQDVªh dks mfpr lqfoèkk,¡ iznku djosQ iSQDVªh osQ ekfyd dks vkokl
{ks=k ls ckgj iSQDVªh ys tkus dks dg ldrh gSA ,slk djus ls èkqvk¡ vuq=kkl (Smoked nuisance)
ls mRiUu gksus okyh lkekftd rFkk futh ykxrksa ,oa ykHkksa esa fHkUurk,¡] jkT; gLr{ksi ls nwj gks tkrh
gSaA miHkksx dh vferO;f;rkvksa osQ ckjs esa] jkT; ykmMLihdjksa osQ iz;ksx dks fo'ks"k voljksa rd lhfer
djosQ 'kksj vuq=kkl lekIr dj ldrk gSA vYikfèkdkj ;k viw.kZ izfr;ksfxrk dh fLFkfr esa ihxw fdlh
Hkh izdkj osQ lkekftd fu;a=k.k vFkok jk"Vªh;dj.k osQ i{k esa FkkA
2- dj rFkk lfClMh (Taxes and subsidies)μblosQ vfrfjDr ihxw us lkekftd rFkk futh ykxrksa
,oa ykHkksa osQ varj dks lekIr djus osQ fy, djksa ;k lfClMh osQ iz;ksx dk lq>ko fn;kA mlosQ vuqlkj]
mRiknu rFkk miHkksx dh cká vferO;f;rkvksa dh lHkh voLFkkvksa esa jkT; dj yxk ldrk gSA
mnkgj.kkFkZ] ljdkj izR;sd ifjokj ij dj yxkdj iSQDVªh osQ ekfyd dks vkokl {ks=k ls pys tkus osQ
fy, mls dj ,df=kr jkf'k ns ldrh gSA mRiknu dh cká ferO;f;rkvksa dh voLFkk esa] jkT; mRikndksa
dks vkfFkZd lgk;rk nsdj jk"Vªh; ykHkka'k esa o`f¼ djosQ vkn'kZ mRikn dks izkIr dj ldrk gSA tcfd
miHkksDrkvksa dks dj&NwVsa nsdj ljdkj mudh oLrqvksa osQ miHkksx dh {kerk esa o`f¼ djosQ] mudh
larqf"V;k¡ vfèkdre djus esa lgk;d gks ldrh gSaA
budh O;k[;k ek¡x vkSj iwfrZ osQ oozQksa }kjk dh tkrh gSA ,d iw.kZ izfr;ksxh ek£dV osQ ek¡x vkSj iwfrZ
oozQ osQoy izR;{k futh ykHk ;k ykxrsa O;Dr djrs gSa ijarq cfgHkkZo ughaA ;fn cfgHkkZo fo|eku gksa
rks iw.kZ izfr;ksxh ek£dV ,d lkekftd b"Vre Lrj iznku ugha djsxhA ljdkj dj yxkdj vkSj lfClMh
nsdj cfgHkkZoksa dk vkarfjdhdj.k (Internalisation) dj ldrh gSA eku yhft, fd futh ykxrksa
ls lkekftd ykxrsa vfèkd gksrh gSa ftldk vfHkizk; gS fd ½.kkRed cfgHkkZoksa dk gksukA ,slh fLFkfr
esa] m|ksx }kjk oLrq dk vfr mRiknu (Overproduction) gksrk gS ftruk fd lekt dks pkfg,A bl
dks de djus osQ fy, ihxw us oLrq ij dj yxkus dk lq>ko fn;kA bls fp=k 24-1 esa n'kkZ;k x;k gS
tgk¡ D vkSj S ozQe'k% ek£dV ek¡x vkSj iwfrZ oozQ gSaA os E fcanq ij dkVrs gSa vkSj OQ mRiknu izkIr
gksrk gSA oozQ S esa oLrq osQ mRikndksa }kjk O;; dh xbZ osQoy izR;{k ykxrsa 'kkfey gSaA blesa ½.kkRed
cfgHkkZo 'kkfey ugha gSaA tc os ek£dV iwfrZ oozQ S esa lfEefyr vFkok vkarfjdÑr (Internatised)
fd, tkrs gSa rks iwfrZ oozQ S cu tkrk gSA vc oozQ D oozQ S dks fcanq E ij dkVrk gS rFkk OQ
1 1 1 1
mRiknu fuèkkZfjr gksrk gS tks OQ ls de gSA ;g mRiknu dk lkekftd b"Vre Lrj gSA mRikndksa ij
oLrq dh izfr bdkbZ T dj yxkus ls oLrq dk mRiknu OQ ls OQ de gks tk,xk tks OQ mRiknu
1
osQ lkFk lacafèkr ½.kkRed cfgHkkZoksa dks Hkh de dj nsxkA bl izdkj vfr mRiknu lekIr gks tk,xk
vkSj lkekftd ykxrsa vkSj futh ykxrsa cjkcj gks tk,¡xhA
tc futh ykHkksa ls lkekftd ykHk vfèkd gksrs gSa rks os èkukRed cfgZHkko gSaA ,slh fLFkfr esa] oLrq dk
de mRiknu gksrk gS ftruk lekt dks pkfg,A bls c<+kus osQ fy, ihxw us mRiknd dks oLrq dh izfr
bdkbZ lfClMh iznku djus dk lq>ko fn;kA bls fp=k 24-2 esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA tgk¡ D vkSj S Øe'k%

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