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O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar
uksV 24-1 dY;k.k èkkj.kk (Concept of Welfare)
ihxw osQ vuqlkj ,d O;fDr osQ eu ;k psruk esa dY;k.k jgrk gS tks fd mldh larqf"V;ksa ;k mi;ksfxrkvksa
ls curk gSA bl izdkj] ftl lhek rd ,d O;fDr dh bPNkvksa dh iwfrZ gksrh gS] og vko';d rkSj ls mlosQ
dY;k.k dk vkèkkj gSA lkekftd dY;k.k ,d lekt esa lHkh O;fDr;ksa osQ dY;k.kksa dk ,d=khdj.k le>k
tkrk gSA D;ksafd lkekU; dY;k.k ,d foLr`r] tfVy rFkk vO;kogkfjd èkkj.kk gS] blfy, ihxw vius vè;;u
dh lhek dks vkfFkZd dY;k.k rd gh lhfer dj nsrk gSA tSls fd og Lo;a gh dgrk gS fd vkfFkZd dY;k.k
oqQy dY;k.k dk fdlh Hkh rjg lwpd ugha gS D;ksafd oqQy dY;k.k osQ cgqr ls vU; rRo] tSls dke dh
xq.koÙkk] O;fDr dk okrkoj.k] ekuoh; lacaèk] in] fuokl rFkk ljdkjh lqj{kk vkfn vkfFkZd dY;k.k esa
orZeku ugha gksrsA blfy, og vkfFkZd dY;k.k dks lkekftd (lkekU;) dY;k.k dk og Hkkx ifjHkkf"kr
djrk gS] tks izR;{k ;k vizR;{k :i ls eqnzk osQ ekinaM ls lacaf/r fd;k tkrk gSA vr% ihxw osQ fopkj esa]
vkfFkZd dY;k.k ls vfHkizk; ,d O;fDr }kjk fofue;&;ksX; oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa osQ iz;ksx ls izkIr larqf"V
;k mi;ksfxrk gSA
Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)
fjDr LFkku Hkfj, (Fill in the blanks)μ
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1- dY;k.k vFkZ'kkL=k ij izFke ekud xzaFk izksisQlj dk The Economics of Welfare
gSA
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2- dY;k.k vFkZ'kkL=k ihxw ls izkjaHk gqvkA mlls igys vFkZ'kkL=k FkkA
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3- ihxw osQ vuqlkj] ,d O;fDr osQ eu ;k psruk esa jgrk gSA
24-2 ihxw dh dY;k.k dh n'kk,¡ (Pigovian Welfare Conditions)
ihxw vkfFkZd dY;k.k ,oa jk"Vªh; vk; dks vko';d rkSj ls loxZ (Coordinate) ekurk gSA bl vkèkkj ij
og dY;k.k dks vfèkdrj djus osQ fy, nks n'kk,¡ fuf'pr djrk gSA
izFke] igyh n'kk ;g O;Dr djrh gS fd tc jk"Vªh; vk; esa o`f¼ gksrh gS rks dY;k.k c<+rk gSA
#fp;k¡ vkSj vk;&forj.k fn, gksus ij] jk"Vªh; vk; esa o`f¼ dY;k.k esa o`f¼ dks O;Dr djrh gSA ihxw dk
er gS fd vfèkdre voLFkkvksa esa jk"Vªh; vk; c<+sxh ;|fi dke dh vuqi;ksfxrk (Disutility) esa Hkh o`f¼
gksrh gSA
f}rh;] dY;k.k dks vfèkdre djus gsrq jk"Vªh; vk; dk forj.k Hkh egÙoiw.kZ gSA ;fn jk"Vªh; vk; fLFkj
jgrh gS rks vk; dk vehjksa ls xjhcksa dks gLrkarj.k dY;k.k dh mUufr djsxkA ihxw osQ vuqlkj] ,sls gLrkarj.kksa
dk xjhcksa dh vis{kk vehjksa ij de izHkko iM+rk gS] ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:i xjhcksa dh vkfFkZd gkyr lqèkj
tkrh gSA dY;k.k dh ;g n'kk ihxw dh nksgjh èkkj.kkvksa ^^larqf"V osQ fy, leku {kerk** (Equal capacity
for satisfaction) rFkk ^^vk; dh ßkleku lhekar mi;ksfxrk** (Diminshing marginal utility of
income) ij vkèkkfjr gSA ihxw roZQ djrk gS fd fHkUu yksx mlh okLrfod vk; esa ls leku larqf"V izkIr
djrs gSa vkSj tks yksx vc vehj gSa os izÑfr esa mu yksxksa ls fHkUu gSa tks vc xjhc gSa D;ksafd mudh ewyHkwr
izÑfr esa miHkksx dh vfèkd {kerk,¡ gSaA vk; ij ßkleku lhekar mi;ksfxrk dk fu;e ykxw gksus ij] vk;
osQ vehjksa ls xjhcksa dks gLrkarj.k] vehjksa dh de rhoz vko';drkvksa dh ykxr ij xjhcksa dh vfèkd rhoz
vko';drkvksa dh larqf"V djosQ] lkekftd dY;k.k dh o`f¼ djsaxsA vr% vkfFkZd lekurk gh dY;k.k dks
vfèkdre djrh gSA
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