Page 412 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar

uksV 23-7 èkukRed ckgjh izHkko (Positive Externality)

tc fdlh mRiknd dh mRiknu fØ;k }kjk lekt osQ vU; O;fDr;ksa dks fcuk fdlh {kfriwfrZ osQ ykHk
(Uncompensated Benefits) izkIr gksrk gS] rks bls mRiknu dk èkukRed ;k ldkjkRed ckgjh izHkko
dgrs gSaA ;g èkukRed ckgjh izHkko izR;{k rFkk vizR;{k nksuksa :i ls izkIr gks ldrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,]
,d O;fDr dk lscksa dk ckx (Apple Orchid) gS] blosQ lehi gh ,d 'kgn iQkeZ gSA 'kgn dh efD[k;ksa
}kjk bl lsc osQ ckx ls tks 'kgn ,df=kr fd;k tkrk gS] mldk ykHk 'kgn&eD[kh ikyus okys fdlku dks
gksrk gSA ijarq lsc osQ ckx dk ekfyd bl ykHk dks vius lhekar ykHk esa 'kkfey ugha djrk gSA vius mRiknu
Lrj dk fu.kZ; ysrs le; og ossQoy viuh lhekar ykxr (MC) dks lhekar ykHk (Marginal Benefit)
osQ cjkcj djrk gS vkSj 'kgn dh eD[kh ikyus okys fdlku osQ ckgjh lhekar ykHk dk fopkj ugha djrkA
rc blosQ vuq:i èkukRed ckgjh izHkko dh n`f"V ls tks lkekftd :i ls okaNuh; gS] mlosQ fy, mRiknu
dk fuEu Lrj fuf'pr fd;k tk,xkA bldks fp=k 23-5 }kjk O;Dr fd;k x;k gSA

fp=k 23-5

Y

MB
S MC
MB
P
Marginal
External
Price P 1 0 Benefit
P

Marginal Under
Benefit Production
O X
Q Q*
0
Quantity

fp=k 23-5 eas OX-v{k ij lscksa dh mRikfnr ek=kk dks fn[kk;k x;k gS vkSj OY-v{k dher dks izdV djrk
gSA OP dher ij lsc dh OQ bdkbZ dk mRiknu fd;k tkrk gS] blfy, lhekar futh ykHk lhekar ykxr
0 0
osQ cjkcj gSaA tc ckgjh ykHk dks tksM+k tkrk gS] MB ljd dj MB gks tkrh gS vkSj bl izdkj ckgjh
p s
izHkko dk varjhdj.k (Internalisation) osQ ckn lscksa dk oqQy mRiknu OQ ls c<+dj OQ* gks tkuk
0
pkfg,A vr,o ;g fu"d"kZ fudyrk gS fd èkukRed ckgjh izHkko osQ ekeys esa oqQy mRiknu lkekftd
b"Vre mRiknu ls de gS (Total output is less than the socially optimal output in case of
positive externality)A

VkLd ^o£tr oLrq,¡ rFkk cktkj foiQyrk* ij fopkj O;Dr dhft,A

23-8 ckgjh izHkko rFkk dksl fl¼kar (Externalities and the Coase Theory)

ckgjh izHkkoksa osQ dkj.k] mRikfnr vFkok miHkksx fd, x, mRiknu osQ voqQ'ky Lrj dh leL;k (ftldh
O;k[;k mQij dh xbZ gS) dk lekèkku ,d vkSj <ax ls Hkh gks ldrk gS] og ;g gS fd tks O;fDr ckgjh izHkko

406 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY