Page 408 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar

uksV (ii) lkoZtfud oLrq,¡ vkSj cktkj foiQyrk (Public Goods and Market Failure)
lkoZtfud oLrq,¡ ;k ^lkeqnkf;d miHkksx oLrq,¡* (Collective Consumption Goods) cktkj foiQyrk
osQ egÙoiw.kZ Ïksr gSaA
lkoZtfud oLrqvksa esa xSj&izfr}af}rk rFkk xSj&oftZrrk dh fo'ks"krk ikbZ tkrh gSA blosQ mnkgj.k gSa lqj{kk
lsok,¡] dkuwu o O;oLFkk lsok,¡ vkfnA bu lsokvksa osQ iz;ksx osQ fy, pkgs dksbZ Hkqxrku dj jgk gS vFkok ugha]
;s lsok,¡ lHkh osQ fy, miyCèk gSaA blfy, ;s lsok,¡ xSj&oftZr (Non-excludable) gSaA blh Hkk¡fr bu
lsokvksa dk fdlh ,d O;fDr }kjk miHkksx vU; O;fDr;ksa osQ fy, budh miyCèkrk dks de ugha djrk gSA
budh xSj&oftZZrrk rFkk xSj&izfr}af}rk dh fo'ks"krk osQ dkj.k] lkoZtfud oLrqvksa dk cktkj la;a=k dh iz.kkyh
esa oqQ'kykiwoZd vkoaVu ugha fd;k tk ldrk (D;ksafd buosQ ekeys esa futh ykHk rFkk futh ykxr dh rqyuk
esa lekt@leqnk; dks lkekftd ykHk vfèkd gS) vr,o ;s oLrq,¡ ljdkj }kjk miyCèk djkbZ tkrh gSa vkSj
bu ij gksus okys [kpZ osQ fy, foÙk izcaèk ljdkj djksa rFkk vU; Ïksrksa ls izkIr vk; }kjk djrh gSA
lkoZtfud oLrq,¡ dc miyCèk djkbZ tkuh pkfg,] buosQ fy, fdruk vkSj dkSu Hkqxrku djrk gS\ bl lanHkZ
esa fuEufyf[kr voyksdu è;ku nsus ;ksX; gSaμ
(i) lkoZtfud inkFkZ rc miyCèk djk, tkus pkfg, tc lqjf{kr dher (Reservation Price) dk tksM+
lkoZtfud oLrq dh ykxr ls vfèkd ;k cjkcj gksaA lqjf{kr dher og vfèkdre dher gS tks dksbZ
O;fDr lkoZtfud oLrqvksa dh miyCèkrk osQ fy, nsus dks rS;kj gksrk gS] rkfd mls leku ;k
vfèkdre larqf"V izkIr gksA
mnkgj.kμ10 ifjokjksa osQ ,d ljdkjh bykosQ esa ,d lkewfgd Vsyhfotu dk miyCèk djkuk ,d lkoZtfud
oLrq gSA ;g xSj&izofrZr rFkk xSj&izfr}a}h gSA bls dc yxk;k&miyCèk djk;k tkuk pkfg,\ Li"V gS fd rc
tc ml lacafèkr bykosQ osQ fuoklh tks dher ;k jkf'k blosQ fy, nsus osQ fy, rS;kj gSa og
Vh- oh- yxkus dh oqQy ykxr@[kpZ osQ cjkcj gks ;k mlls vfèkd gksA

(ii) lkoZtfud oLrq,¡ fdruh ek=kk esa miyCèk djkbZ tkuh pkfg,\ lkekU; oLrqvksa osQ ekeys esa] ;fn ,d
bdkbZ dk ,d O;fDr }kjk miHkksx fd;k tkrk gS] bldk vU; O;fDr;ksa }kjk miHkksx ugha fd;k tk ldrkA
blfy, ,d nh gqbZ dher ij] ek¡xh xbZ okafNr ek=kk dk gh mRiknu fd;k tkrk gSA vU; 'kCnksa esa] lkekU;
oLrqvksa osQ ekeys eaas] lkewfgd (Aggregate) ek¡x oØ ;k oqQy ek¡x oØ izkIr djus osQ fy, O;fDrxr ek¡x
oØ osQ leLrjh; tksM+ (Horizontal Summation of Individual Demand Curve to Derive
Aggregate Demand Curve.) dks <¡w<k tkrk gS vkSj ,d fo'ks"k dher (Particular Price) okafNr
ek=kk dk mRiknu fd;k tkrk gSA ijarq rc lkoZtfud oLrqvksa dk lacaèk gS] mudh oqQN ek=kk lHkh O;fDr;ksa
osQ fy, miyCèk gksrh gSA blfy, oLrq dh nh gqbZ ek=kk osQ vuq:i bldh pktZ ;k izkIr dh xbZ dher izR;sd
O;fDr oLrq osQ fy, fn, ewY; osQ cjkcj vo'; gksuh pkfg,A

fp=k 23-3

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