Page 403 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ 23 % cktkj foiQyrk % vFkZ ,oa Ïksr

dj ldrs gSaA jes'k ihtk [kkrk gS] ijarq ;g jktw osQ fy, miyCèk ugha gS D;ksafd jes'k dk bl ij uksV
LokfeRo gS vkSj mlh ihtk dks [kkus dk mldk vfèkdkj gSA blh Hkk¡fr ;fn vki us ,d dkj [kjhnh
gS] dkj osQ vki ekfyd gSa vkSj bl ij vkidk laifÙk vfèkdkj (Property Right) gS] blfy, dksbZ
vU; O;fDr] vkidh vuqefr fcuk] bldk iz;ksx ugha dj ldrk A laifÙk vfèkdkjksa osQ ,d cankscLr
ls ,sls inkFkZ@oLrq,¡ oftZr gks tkrss gSaA
(iv) xSj&oftZr (Non-excludable)μ;s os oLrq,¡ gSa ftuosQ fy, dksbZ Hkh O;fDr ifjHkkf"kr laifÙk
vfèkdkj ugha cuk ldrkA lM+osaQ] iqy] lkoZtfud uy] LVªhV ykbZV vkfn os oLrq,¡ gSa ftuosQ miHkksx
dks laifÙk vfèkdkjksa }kjk oftZr ;k vyx ugha fd;k tk ldrk D;ksafd ;s lkewfgd laifÙk (Common
Property) gSaA xSj&vnk;xhdÙkkZvksa (Non-Payers) dks LVªhV ykbZV osQ ykHk mBkus ls oftZr djuk
dfBu gS] D;ksafd xyh esa tyus okyh fctyh dh cfÙk;k¡ lkewfgd laifÙk gSaA

fp=k 23-1

A N C (Common
Degree of Rivalry Resources)
Property

P (Public
Degree of Jointness Goods)

izfr}a}h] xSj&izfr}a}h] oftZr rFkk xSj&oftZr oLrqvkssa dh fo'ks"krkvksa dk Kku izkIr djus osQ ckn ge vc
lkoZtfud oLrqvksa] lkewfgd laifÙk lalkèkuksa rFkk lkekU; oLrqvksa dh O;k[;k fp=k 23-1 dh lgk;rk ls
djsaxsA
fp=k 23-1 esa] {kSfrt v{k (Horizonatal Axis) ij la;qDrrk dh ek=kk (Degree of Jointness) vkSj
mQèokZèkj v{k (Vertical Axis) ij izfr}a}rk dh ek=kk (Degree of Rivalry) dks ekik x;k gSA
lkoZtfud oLrqvksa esa xSj&oftZrrk vkSj xSj&izfr}af}rk dh fo'ks"krk ikbZ tkrh gS (Public goods
have characteristics of non-excludability and non-rivalry)A blfy, ge dg ldrs gSa fd
buesa la;qDrrk dh mQ¡ph ek=kk rFkk izfr}af}rk dh 'kwU; ek=kk ikbZ tkrh gSA fp=k 23-1 esa bls uhps ry esa nkb±
vksj (Bottom Right) }kjk izdV fd;k x;k gSA

lkewwfgd laifÙk lalkèkuksa esa izfr}af}rk dh mQ¡ph ek=kk ikbZ tkrh gS ijarq ;s xSj&oftZr Hkh gSa
(Common property resources have high degree of rivalry but are also non-excludable)A
bldks fp=k 23-1 esa mQijh ry esa nkb± vksj (On Top Right) C fcanq }kjk fn[kk;k x;k gSA
lkekU; oLrq,¡ izfr}a}h rFkk oftZr Hkh gksrh gSa (Normal goods are rival and also
excludable)μblfy, buesa izfr}af}rk dh mQ¡ph ek=kk vkSj la;qDrrk dh 'kwU; ek=kk ikbZ tkrh gS] bls fp=k
,d esa mQijh ry ckb± vksj (On Top Left) N fcanq }kjk n'kkZ;k x;k gSA

23-2 oftZr oLrq,¡ rFkk cktkj foiQyrk
(Excludable Goods and Market Failure)

ykHkksa dks vfèkdre djus dh n`f"V ls futh iQeks± }kjk mRikfnr oLrq,¡ LokHkkfod :i ls oftZr
(Excludable) gksuh pkfg,A mRiknd] mu O;fDr;ksa }kjk bu oLrqvksa osQ miHkksx dks jksd ldrs gSa tks buosQ

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