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O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar                                   Dilfraz Singh, Lovely Professional University




                    uksV






                                                 bdkbZμ23 % cktkj foiQyrk % vFkZ ,oa Ïksr
                                              (Market Failure : Meaning and Sources)





                                     vuqØef.kdk (Contents)
                                     mís'; (Objectives)
                                     izLrkouk (Introduction)
                                     23-1  oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa osQ izdkj (Types of Goods and Services)
                                     23-2  oftZr oLrq,¡ rFkk cktkj foiQyrk (Excludable Goods and Market Failure)

                                     23-3  cktkj foiQyrk osQ Ïksr osQ :i esa oftZr ijarq xSj&izfr}a}h oLrq,¡
                                           (Excludable but Non-rivalrous Goods as a Source of Market Failure)

                                     23-4  xSj&oftZr oLrq,¡ vkSj cktkj foiQyrk (Non-excludable Goods and Market Failure)
                                     23-5  ckgjh izHkko rFkk cktkj foiQyrk (Externalities and Market Failure)
                                     23-6  ½.kkRed ckgjh izHkko (Negative Externality)
                                     23-7  èkukRed ckgjh izHkko (Positive Externality)
                                     23-8  ckgjh izHkko rFkk dksl fl¼kar (Externalities and the Coase Theory)
                                     23-9  m¡Qph le>kSrk (;k ysu&nsu) ykxrsa (High Transaction Costs)
                                    23-10  lkjka'k (Summary)
                                    23-11  'kCndks'k (Keywords)
                                    23-12  vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)
                                    23-13  lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)



                                  mís'; (Objectives)

                                  bl bdkbZ osQ vè;;u osQ i'pkr~ fo|kFkhZ ;ksX; gksaxsμ
                                     l oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa osQ izdkj tkuus gsrqA
                                     l ckgjh izHkko rFkk cktkj foiQyrk tkuus gsrqA
                                     l ckgjh izHkko rFkk dksl fl¼kar le>us gsrqA

                                     l m¡Qpk le>kSrk ykxrsa tkuus gsrqA

                                  izLrkouk (Introduction)

                                  cktkj foiQyrk ls vfHkizk; ml fLFkfr ls gS ftlesa cktkj ra=k] tks ek¡x vkSj iwfrZ dh 'kfDr;ksa ij vkèkkfjr
                                  gS] Lo;a gh vius vki ,d oqQ'ky lkèku vkoaVu osQ fy, i;kZIr ugha gSA cktkj foiQyrk osQ eq[; Ïksrksa



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