Page 402 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar

uksV 6- tc ,dkfèkdkjh 'kfDr osQ dkj.k mRiknd oLrq dh dher dks bldh lhekar ykxr ls vilkfjr
(Diverge) ;k cny nsrs gSaA
7- tc cktkj yqIr ;k fo|eku ugha gksaA

Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)

fjDr LFkku Hkfj, (Fill in the blanks)μ
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1- cktkj foiQyrk osQ eq[; Ïksrksa esa ls ,d Ïksr cktkj lajpuk gSA
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2- ,dkfèkdkjh osQ ek¡x oØ dk <yku dh vksj gksrk gSA
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3- cktkj foiQyrk gLr{ksi dks cqykok nsrh gSA

23-1 oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa osQ izdkj (Types of Goods and Services)

cktkj foiQyrk osQ fo"k; {ks=k dh laiw.kZ tkudkjh osQ fy, oLrqvksa osQ fofHkUu izdkjksa dk Kku vko';d gS]
;s izdkj gSa lkoZtfud oLrq,¡ (Public Goods)] lkewfgd laifÙk lalkèku (Common Property
Resources) vkSj lkekU; oLrq,¡ (Normal Goods)A bu oLrqvksa osQ chp ;g varj oLrqvksa dh pkj
eq[; fo'ks"krkvksa ij vkfJr gS] ;s fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEufyf[kr gSaμ
(i) izfr}a}h miHkksx (Rivalrous or Rival Consumption)
(ii) xSj&izfr}a}h miHkksx (Non-rivalrous or Non-rival Consumption)

(iii) ,dkdh@oftZr (Excludable)
(iv) xSj&,dkdh@xSj&oftZr (Non-excludable)

(i) izfr}a}h miHkksx (Rivalrous or Rival Consumption)μfdlh oLrq osQ miHkksx dks izfrLièkhZ
rc ekuk tkrk gS tc O;fDr A }kjk miHkksx djus ls bl oLrq dh miyCèkrk O;fDr B osQ fy, de
gks tkrh gSA vr,o nksuksa O;fDr (A rFkk B) ,d nwljs dh larqf"V dks de fd, fcuk mlh oLrq dk
miHkksx ugha dj ldrsA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ;fn jkgqy twl ihrk gS] jksfgr mlh twl dks ih ugha ldrk_
,d O;fDr }kjk bldk miHkksx nwljs O;fDr;ksa dks blls oftZr (Exclude) dj nsrk gSA blfy, mu
oLrqvksa (tSls lsc] isIlh] dksyk] e'khu vkfn) dk miHkksx tks nwljs O;fDr;ksa osQ fy, bldh
miyCèkrk dks de dj nsrk gS] izfr}a}h oLrq,¡ dgykrh gSaA bUgsa futh oLrq,¡ (Private) Hkh dgk
tkrk gSA

(ii) xSj&izfr}a}h miHkksx (Non-rivalrous or Non-rival Consumption)μ,d oLrq rc xSj&izfr}a}h
;k bldk miHkksx rc xSj&izfr}a}h gksrk gS tc fdlh O;fDr (eku yhft, A) }kjk blosQ miHkksx djus
ls vU; O;fDr osQ fy, bldk miHkksx de ugha gksrkA vFkkZr~ oLrq dh leku bdkbZ ,d ls vfèkd
O;fDr;ksa osQ miHkksx osQ fy, miyCèk gksrh gSA

ikoZQ] jk"Vªh; lqj{kk] lM+osaQ] iqy vkfn xSj&izfr}a}h oLrq,¡ gSaA ,d ikoZQ] ftlesa lHkh vk&tk ldrs gSa]
dk vkuan mu lHkh O;fDr;ksa dks izkIr gksrk gS tks ogk¡ ?kweus osQ fy, tkrs gSaA blh Hkk¡fr fdlh Hkh
ns'k osQ yksx jk"Vªh; lqj{kk iz.kkyh }kjk miyCèk djkbZ xbZ lqj{kk (Security) ls leku :i ls
ykHkkfUor gksrs gSaA
(iii) oftZr (Excludable)μdksbZ oLrq rc oftZr dgh tkrh gS tc blosQ miHkksx ls xSj&vnk;xh drkZvksa
(Non-Payers) dks oftZr ;k vyx djuk laHko gksA vU; 'kCnksa esa] tc laifÙk vfèkdkjksa dk ykxw
djuk bl izdkj lss laHko gks fd osQoy vnk;xhdrkZ (Payers) gh ml oLrq osQ miHkksx dk ykHk izkIr

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