Page 405 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ 23 % cktkj foiQyrk % vFkZ ,oa Ïksr

uksV

uksV~l cktkj foiQyrk ls vfHkizk; ml fLFkfr ls gS ftlesa cktkj ra=k] tks ek¡x vkSj iw£r dh 'kfDr;ksa
ij vkèkkfjr gS] Lo;a gh vius vki ,d oqQ'ky lkèku vkoaVu osQ fy, i;kZIr ugha gSA

23-4 xSj&oftZr oLrq,¡ vkSj cktkj foiQyrk
(Non-Excludable Goods and Market Failure)

izfr}aaf}rk osQ vkèkkj ij xSj&oftZr oLrqvksa dk mifoHkktu nks Jsf.k;ksa esa fd;k tk ldrk gSμ
(i) lkewfgd laifÙk lalkèku
(ii) lkoZtfud oLrq,¡@inkFkZ
;s nksuksa oqQN izeq[k cktkj foiQyrkvksa dh vksj vxzlj gks ldrh gSaμ

(i) lkewfgd laifÙk lalkèku (Common Property Resources)

tSlk fd fp=k 23-1 esa fn[kk;k x;k gS] lkewfgd laifÙk lalkèku (CPR) dks mQijh rÙo esa nkb± vksj (On
Top Right) fcanq C }kjk iznf'kZr fd;k x;k gS] tgk¡ la;qDrrk dh mQ¡ph ek=kk (High Degree of
Jointness) vkSj izfr}af}rk dh mQ¡ph ek=kk (High Degree of Rivalry) dks n'kkZ;k x;k gSA vU; 'kCnksa
esa] ;g izfr}a}h rFkk xSj&oftZr oLrqvksa dks izdV djrk gSA vr,o lkewfgd laifÙk lalkèku (CPR) osQ fy,
fdlh dk Hkh ,dkdh (Exclusive) laifÙk vfèkdkj ugha gS vkSj bldk iz;ksx dksbZ Hkh dj ldrk gSA leqnz
esa eNyh idM+uk CPR dk ,d mnkgj.k gSA tSls ,d O;fDr }kjk eNyh dk idM+uk nwljs O;fDr }kjk
eNyh osQ idM+us dks izHkkfor djrk gS] ijarq nwljs O;fDr dks eNyh idM+us ls jksdk ugha tk ldrk ;k oftZr
ugha fd;k tk ldrk] D;ksafd leqnz esa eNyh idM+us osQ fy, fdlh dk Hkh ,dkdh (Exclusive) laifÙk
vfèkdkj ugha gSA
mnkgj.k osQ fy,] xk¡o dh lkewfgd Hkwfe (Common Land) ij lHkh fdlkuksa dk LokfeRo gksrk gS] ,d
fdlku }kjk viuh HksMsa+ ogk¡ pjkus ls vU; fdlkuksa dh HksM+ksa osQ fy, miyCèk pkjk de gks tkrk gS] bls
^^lkewfgdrk dh =kklnh** (Tragedy of Commons) dgk tkrk gS vFkok bls lka>siu dk nq[kkar ukVd
Hkh dgk tk ldrk gSA
vr,o lkewfgd laifÙk dk voqQ'ky iz;ksx gksrk gS rFkk vfr'kks"k.k gksrk gSA ;g Lo;a laifÙk osQ fouk'k
(Destruction) dh lhek rd gks ldrk gSA
CPR osQ ekeys esa] cktkj la;a=k lalkèkuksa osQ oqQ'ky vkoaVu dks izLrqr djus esa vliQy jgrk gSA
lkewfgd laifÙk lalkèku dk lkekftd b"Vre 'kks"k.k (Socially Optimal Exploitation of
CPR)μCPR lkekftd b"Vre 'kks"k.k@iz;ksx D;k gksuk pkfg,\ ge bl èkkj.kk dks ,d mnkgj.k }kjk le>
ldrs gSaA ge eNyh idM+us dk mnkgj.k ysrs gSaA ;gk¡
;g lkekftd b"Vre gksxk fd eNyh idM+us osQ fyIlh osQ 'kCnksa esa] ^^,d lkewfgd laifÙk lalkèku
lkekftd b"Vre vkoaVu rc gksrk gS tc vafre
fy, ,d vkSj uko dh o`f¼ dh tk,] ;fn uko osQ
iz;ksxdrkZ dh lhekar ykxr oqQy mRiknu esa gqbZ
izpyu dh ykxr ml oqQy idM+h eNyh osQ ewY;
lhekar o`f¼ osQ ewY; osQ cjkcj gks tkrh gSA** (The
(Value of Total Catch) ls de (;k cjkcj) gS
socially optimal allocation of a common
tks vfrfjDr uko osQ dkj.k gqbZ gS (Cost to operate property resource occurs when the marginal
the boat is less than (equal to) the value cost of the last user equals the value of the
of total catch by the additional boat.)A marginal addition to total output. Lipsey.)

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