Page 407 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ 23 % cktkj foiQyrk % vFkZ ,oa Ïksr

è;ku ls ns[ksa fd E fcanq ij t js[kk V oØ dk Li'kZ fcanq gS vkSj T js[kk osQ lekukarj gS (Note uksV
that t line is tangent to the V curve and is parallel to the T line)

,d Lora=k cktkj vFkZO;oLFkk esa D;k m|eh lkewfgd laifÙk eNyh idM+us osQ iz;ksx osQ T fcanq ij #d
tk,¡xsA mÙkj gS fd ughaA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd os vHkh Hkh ;g eglwl djrs gSa fd ,d vfrfjDr uko osQ
izpkyu dh ykxr (Cost of Operating an Additional Boat) vuqekfur vk; (Expected Rev-
enue) ls de gSA

eNyh idM+uk (Fishing) iqjkuh rduhd osQ lkFk E rd tkjh jgsxk (tc OK) ukoksa dks pyk;k tkrk
1
gS) vkSj ubZ rduhd osQ lkFk E rd tkjh jgsxk (tc OA ukoksa dks pyk;k tkrk gS)A izR;sd u;k
2
izos'kdrkZ (Entrant) viuh vkSlr eNyh idM+@iQkal (Catch) ;k (vkSlr mRikn) dks ,d vfrfjDr
uko dh izpkyu ykxr (Cost of opeating an Additional Boat) osQ cjkcj djrk gSA ijarq =kklnh
(Tragedy) ;g gS fd og O;olk; esa vius izos'k dh lkekftd ykxr dks è;ku esa ugha j[krkA lkekftd
ykxr ftlls og cp (Miss) jgk gS og eNyh idM+ (Catch) dh og gkfu gS tks og vU; eNyh
idM+us okyksa (Fishermen) ;k eNsjksa dks ns jgk gSA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd lkewfgd laifÙk eNyh
idM+us (Common Property Fishing) dk E rd 'kks"k.k gksrk gS] tc OA ukoksa dk izpkyu og
2
Hkh rc tc fd mRiknu dks ½.kkRed lhekar izfriQy (Negative Marginal Returns) osQ vkxs
;k ckn esa Hkh c<+k;k tkrk gSA vr,o lkewfgd laifÙk lalkèkuksa osQ varxZr] mRiknu dk Lrj (ukoksa dh la[;k)
cgqr mQ¡pk gksxk] D;ksafd u;k izos'kdrkZ ml gkfu dks è;ku esa ugha j[ksxk tks og orZeku mRikndksa (eNsjksa)
dks ns jgk gSA
,slh leL;k lHkh eNyh LFkkuksa (Fishery Grounds) esa rc rd ikbZ tkrh gS] tc rd fd ljdkj }kjk
eNfy;ksa osQ idM+us ij jksd yxkus lacaèkh dksbZ vfèkfu;e (Regulation) ugha cuk;k tkrkA
lkewfgd laifÙk lalkèku osQ vfr'kks"k.k ls oSQls cpk tk ldrk gS\ (How can Over-exploitation
of CPR be Avoided?)μlkewfgd laifÙk osQ vfr'kks"k.k ;k vR;fèkd iz;ksx ls nks izdkj ls cpk tk ldrk
gS ;k bls nks izdkj ls de fd;k tk ldrk gSA
igys lq>ko osQ vuqlkj iz;ksx osQ b"Vre Lrj (Optimum Level of Use) dks ekuk ;k le>k tk, vkSj
fiQj ml Lrj dks fu;a=k.kksa (Control) }kjk izfrcafèkr (Restrict) fd;k tk,A ;g lkekU;r;k mu ekeyksa
;k enksa esa fd;k tkrk gS tSls f'kdkj djus osQ ykblsal (Hunting Licenses)] eNyh idM+us dk dksVk
(Fishing Quota) vkfnA ijarq bl lq>ko@lekèkku (Solution) dh oqQN leL;k,¡ gSaA cs'kd blosQ }kjk
leqnz esa eNyh idM+us dh ek=kk dks fu;af=kr djuk vlaHko ugha gS ijarq blesa Hkkjh [kpZ ;k ykxr gksrh gS]
;fn dksVk mYya?ku (Quota Violations) ls lacafèkr varjkZ"Vªh; ekeyksa dh nh gqbZ la[;k dks ns[kk tk,A
vFkkZr~ varjkZ"Vªh; {ks=k esa dbZ ,sls ekeys gSa tgk¡ dksVk fuf'pr fd, tkus osQ ckn Hkh] bldk (fu;a=k.k dk)
mYya?ku fd;k x;k gSA
nwljs lq>ko@lekèkku osQ vuqlkj laifÙk vf/dkjksa dh Li"V :i ls O;k[;k dh tk,] mUgsa ,dkdh
(Exclusive) cuk;k tk,A ,d CPR izÑfr ls izfr}a}h (Rival) gS] ,dkdh laifÙk vfèkdkj cuk nsus dk
vFkZ ;g gksxk fd CPR esa lkekU; oLrqvksa dh nksuksa fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa (i) oftZrrk rFkk (ii) izfr}af}rkA ;g Lora=k
cktkj n'kkvksa esa oqQ'ky vkoaVu dks lqfoèkktud cuk nsxkA
ijarq fiQj Hkh lerk (Equity) vkSj oqQ'kyrk osQ chp Vdjko ik;k tkrk gSA njvly lkewfgd Hkwfe osQ
ekeys esa lkewfgd laifÙk vfèkdkjksa dk iz;ksx iz.kkyh esa lerk c<+kus osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gS] tks fuf'pr :i
ls oqQ'kyrk dh ykxr ij gSA
blls gekjs vkxs ;g fopkj&foe'kZ (Debate) iSnk gksrk gS fd D;k oqQ'kyrk vfèkd egÙoiw.kZ gS ;k lerk\
bl pquko osQ vkèkkj ij gh nwljs lq>ko dk ykxw gksuk fuHkZj djrk gSA

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