Page 411 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ 23 % cktkj foiQyrk % vFkZ ,oa Ïksr

23-6 ½.kkRed ckgjh izHkko (Negative Externality) uksV

tc fdlh O;fDr dh mRiknu vFkok miHkksx fØ;k }kjk lekt osQ vU; O;fDr;ksa dks gkfu gksrh gS rFkk mu
ij bl fØ;k dk ½.kkRed ckgjh izHkko iM+rk gS vkSj mUgsa bldh dksbZ {kfriwfrZ (Compensation) Hkh
ugha feyrh] rks bls ½.kkRed ckgjh izHkko dgk tk,xkA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ;fn dksbZ O;fDr unh osQ lehi
,d LVhy dk dkj[kkuk yxkrk gS vkSj dkj[kkus osQ iznw"kd rÙoksa (Pollutants) dks unh esa isaQdrk gSA Li"V
gS fd rc mldh bl fØ;k ls unh esa eNyh osQ mRiknu ij foijhr izHkko iM+sxkA vc iz'u ;g gS fd
dkj[kkus dk ekfyd bl lkekftd ykxr (eNyh mRiknu dh gkfu osQ :i esa) dks LVhy mRiknu dh viuh
ykxr osQ vuqeku esa 'kkfey djsxkA fuf'pr :i ls ughaA fp=k 23-4 ;g O;Dr djrk gS fd ½.kkRed ckgjh
izHkko fdl izdkj cktkj foiQyrk dk dkj.k curk gSA

fp=k 23-4

Y Marginal
external
cost
D MC

Price, Cost P 1 0 Market
S
MC
P
P
price
Marginal
private
Full marginal cost
social cost over
production
O X
Q* Q
0
Production
pw¡fd LVhy iQeZ lkekftd ykxr dks è;ku esa ugha j[krh] blfy, cktkj dher vkSj mRiknu dk fuèkkZj.k
lhekar ykxr oØ rFkk ek¡x oØ dh varfozZQ;k }kjk gksxkA cktkj larqyu OP dher ij OQ mRiknu }kjk
0 0
gksxkA bl fp=k esa MC futh lhekar ykxr gSA ijarq ;g lgh ykxr dks O;Dr ugha djrh] D;ksafd ;g LVhy
p
mRiknu dh lkekftd ykxr dks è;ku esaa ugha j[krhA ;fn lkekftd ykxr dks fxuk tkrk gS] rc lhekar
ykxr oØ mQij dh vksj lhekar ckgjh ykxr (Marginal External Cost) rd ljd tk,xhA ubZ ykxr
oØ MC gS tks lhekar ckgjh ykxr dks x.kuk esa ysrh gSA bl lhekar ykxr oØ osQ lkFk b"Vre mRiknu
S
OQ* bdkb;k¡ gSaA
vr,o bldk fu"d"kZ ;g gqvk fd ½.kkRed ckgjh izHkko vFkok gkfudkjd ckgjh izHkko osQ ekeys esa]
mRiknu lkekftd b"Vre Lrj ls mQij gksxkA

Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)
fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa esa ls lgh@xyr Nk¡fV,
(State whether the following statements are True/False)μ
9- Lora=k cktkj vFkok iw.kZr;k izfr;ksxh cktkj lkekftd b"Vre lekèkku izLrqr ugha djrsA
10- tc CPR dk vR;fèkd iz;ksx gksrk gS rc iks"k.k bldk ifj.kke gks tkrk gSA
11- lkoZtfud oLrq,¡ ;k ^lkeqnkf;d miHkksx oLrq,¡* cktkj foiQyrk osQ egÙoiw.kZ Ïksr gSaA
12- futh ykxr og ykxr gS tks fdlh mRiknu dks ,d oLrq osQ mRiknd osQ fy, [kpZ djuh iM+rh gSA

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 405