Page 401 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ 23 % cktkj foiQyrk % vFkZ ,oa Ïksr

esa ls ,d Ïksr ,dkfèkdkj cktkj lajpuk (Monopoly Market Structure) gSA ;g oSQls ?kfVr gksrk gS] uksV
bldk fooj.k uhps fn;k x;k gSμ
ts- ch- Vsyj] osQ 'kCnksa esa] ^^cktkj foiQyrk
,dkfèkdkjh osQ ek¡x oØ dk <yku uhps dh vksj gksrk gSA
og fLFkfr gS tks oqQ'ky vkfFkZd ykxr dks
blfy, vkSlr vkxe (AR) lhekar vkxe (MR) ls izkIr ugha djrh vkSj ftlesa ljdkj osQ gLr{ksi
vfèkd gks tkrk gSA ,d iQeZ dh larqyu 'krZ gS fd MR dh laHkkouk gksrh gSA blosQ rhu eq[; dkj.k
= MCA tc AR > MR (vkSj MR = MC)] rc bldk gSaμlkoZtfud inkFkZ] ckgjh izHkko rFkk cktkj
vFkZ gS fd dher lhekar ykxr ls vfèkd gksrh gS (AR 'kfDrA** (Any situation in which the
> MC)A ,slh fLFkfr esa mRiknu Hkh iw.kZ izfr;ksxh m|ksx market does not lead to an efficient
economic outcome and in which there
osQ mRiknu dh rqyuk esa de gksxkA blfy, ,dkfèkdkj
is potential role of government. There
dh fLFkfr esa ykHk vfèkdre dh 'krZ rks iwjh gks tkrh gS are three broad sources of market
ijarq oqQ'kyrk okyh 'krZ izkIr ugha gksrh] blfy, cktkj failure : Public goods, externalities and
market power,–J.B. Taylar)
lalkèkuksa osQ oqQ'ky vkoaVu esa foiQy gks tkrk gSA
,dkfèkdkjh cktkj lajpuk osQ vfrfjDr cktkj foiQyrk osQ vU; Hkh dbZ Ïksr gSaaA bu lHkh Ïksrksa dk la{ksi
esa fooj.k uhps fn;k x;k gSμ
1- tc iQes± U;wure ykxr ij dk;Z ugha dj jgh gksrha vkSj vfrfjDr {kerk (Excess Capacity) izdV
djrh gSaA ,dkfèkdkj osQ vfrfjDr ,slh cktkj foiQyrk ,dkfèkdkjh izfr;ksfxrk esa Hkh ikbZ tkrh gSA
,dkfèkdkjh izfr;ksfxrk osQ varxZr] iQeZ LAC osQ ?kVrs gq, Hkkx (Decreasing Segment of
LAC) ij mRiknu djus dh izo`fÙk j[krh gS] ftldk vFkZ gS fd iw.kZ izfr;ksxh voLFkk dh rqyuk esa
mRiknu dk de gksukA
2- tc laifÙk vfèkdkj (Property Rights) vosQys :i esa (Exclusively) fdlh ,d futh O;fDr
dk vfèkdkj ugha gS cfYd laifÙk dk iz;ksx O;fDr dj ldrk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa izR;sd O;fDr ,d
lalkèku ij viuk lkekU; laifÙk vfèkdkj izdV djrk gS vkSj blfy, lalkèku osQ vR;fèkd 'kks"k.k
dh izo`fÙk izdV djrk gSA
3- tc fdlh oLrq osQ iz;ksx ls feyus okys ykHk osQ fy, xSj&vnk;xh djus okys (Non-Payers) dks
vyx djuk laHko u gksA ,slk lkekU;r;k lM+dksa] iqyksa] dkuwu O;oLFkk vkfn lkoZtfud inkFkks±
(Public Good) osQ ekeys esa ns[kk x;k gS] budk iz;ksx lHkh djrs gSa] pkgs os blosQ iz;ksx osQ fy,
oqQN 'kqYd (Fees) nsrs gSa vFkok ughaA
cktkj foiQyrk ljdkjh gLr{ksi dks cqykok nsrh gS
4- tc fdlh ,d ,tsaV dh vkfFkZd fØ;k
lalkèkuksa osQ oqQ'ky vkoaVu dh izkfIr osQ fy, cktkj
vU; O;fDr;ksa dks izHkkfor djrh gS ijarq
foiQyrk ljdkjh gLr{ksi dks cqykok nsrh gSA ljdkjh gLr{ksi
,sls izHkko dh vksj dksbZ è;ku ugha fn;k
fuEufyf[kr rÙoksa@iSjkehVjksa ij è;ku osaQfnzr djrk gSμ
tkrkA bls ckgjh izHkko (Externality)
1- cktkj foiQyrk osQ vusd dkj.kksa dks è;ku esa j[kdj
dgk tkrk gSA ;g mRiknu vFkok miHkksx
vkfFkZd oqQ'kyrk esa lqèkkj djukA
fdlh esa Hkh gks ldrh gSA
2- lerk (Equity) osQ oqQN LohÑr ekunaMksa (Accepted
5- tc viw.kZ lwpuk miyCèk gks ;k lwpuk
Standard) dks izkIr djus esa lekt osQ lnL;ksa dh
lgh ugha gS vFkok bldks cktkj esa iwjh lgk;rk djukA
rjg ls iSQyk;k ugha x;k gSA fofHkUu 3- vkfFkZd fodkl dh nj dks izHkkfor djukA
ifjorZuksa ,oa buosQ ifj.kkeksa laacaèkh lwpuk
4- vk; vkSj dher Lrjh; mrkj&p<+koksa osQ cnys esa
gks ldrk gSA vkfFkZd ,tsaVksa dh lhfer
vFkZO;oLFkk dks fLFkjrk iznku djukA
la[;k dh tkudkjh esa gksA vlfer lwpuk
5- lekt esa jgus okys futh O;fDr;ksa rFkk x`gLFkksa osQ
(Asymmetric Information) vFkkZr~ laifÙk vfèkdkjksa dks LFkkfir djuk ,oa mudh j{kk
vlarqfyr lwpuk Hkh cktkj foiQyrk dk djukA
,d Ïksr gSA

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