Page 417 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ 24 % ihxw dk dY;k.k vFkZ'kkL=k vkSj cfgHkkZo

nksgjk ekinaM (Dual Criterion)μlkekftd dY;k.k eas mUufr dks tkuus osQ fy, ihxw ,d nksgjk ekinaM uksV
viukrk gSμ
izFke] jk"Vªh; vk; esa o`f¼ dk yk;k tkuk] ;k oqQN oLrqvksa dks c<+kdj nwljh oLrqvksa dks de fd, fcuk
;k lkèkuksa dks ,slh fØ;kvksa esa LFkkukarj.k djosQ] ftuesa mudk lkekftd ewY; vfèkd gks] dY;k.k esa mUufr
ekuk tkrk gS] c'krsZ fd xjhcksa osQ fgLls esa deh ugha gksA
nwljs] vFkZO;oLFkk dk dksbZ Hkh iqul±xBu] tks jk"Vªh; vk; dks de fd, fcuk xjhcksa osQ fgLls dks c<+krk
gS] lkekftd dY;k.k esa mUufr ekuk tkrk gSA
ihxw dh n'kkvksa dh ekU;rk,¡ (Assumptions of Pigovian Conditions)μihxw dh dY;k.k dh
n'kk,¡ vkSj nksgjk ekinaM fuEufyf[kr ekU;rkvksa ij vkèkkfjr gSa] ftuesa ls oqQN dk igys gh laosQr fd;k tk
pqdk gSA
1- izR;sd O;fDr fofHkUu oLrqvksa rFkk lsokvksa ij fd, x, vius O;; ls viuh larqf"V dks vfèkdre
djus dk ;Ru djrk gSA
2- ;g Hkh ekU;rk gS fd oS;fDrd&vH;arj (Intra-personally) vkSj var%oS;fDrd (Inter-
personally) :i ls larqf"V;k¡ rqyuk&;ksX; gSaA
3- ;g eku fy;k tkrk gS fd vk; dh ßkleku lhekar mi;ksfxrk dk fu;e ykxw gksrk gSA bldk vFkZ ;g
gS fd vk; c<+rh gS rks vk; dh lhekar mi;ksfxrk de gksrh gSA blosQ ifj.kkeLo:i] vfrfjDr vk;
ls mi;ksfxrk esa ,d xjhc O;fDr dks ykHk] ,d vehj O;fDr dks gkfu ls vfèkd gksrk gS] ;fn vk;
jkf'k dks leku eku fy;k tk, rFkk vk; dk gLrkarj.k vehj ls xjhc dks gksA
4- ,d vkSj ekU;rk ^larqf"V osQ fy, leku {kerk* dh gS ftldk vfHkizk; ;g gS fd fofHkUu yksx leku
okLrfod vk; ls leku larqf"V izkIr djrs gSaA
;s ekU;rk,¡ nh gksus ij ihxw dh vfèkdre lkekftd dY;k.k dh n'kkvksa dks mlosQ nksgjs ekinaM osQ vkèkkj
ij iwjk fd;k tk ldrk gSA
bldh vkykspuk,¡ (Its Criticisms)μ;|fi ihxw dh The Economics of Welfare dY;k.k vFkZ'kkL=k
dk izFke lqLi"V fo'ys"k.k gS] fiQj Hkh] mldh ^dY;k.k n'kkvksa* dh fuEufyf[kr vkykspuk,¡ dh xbZ gSaA
1- ^vfèkdre* (Maximisation) dh èkkj.kk Li"V ugha gSA ihxw dY;k.k osQ vfèkdre djus ij cy
nsrk gS ijarq og vfèkdre dh èkkj.kk dks Li"V ugha djrkA mldk ^vfèkdre* okLro esa b"Vre gh
gSA ijarq ;g ,d fLFkj fcanq gS tks lgh ugha] D;ksafd ^b"Vre* fLFkj ugha gksrkA og rks jk"Vªh; vk; osQ
c<+us osQ lkFk c<+rk gS vkSj de gksus osQ lkFk de gksrk gSA
2- ^dY;k.k* dks ihxw x.ku&la[;kRed (Cardinal) fofèk ls ekirk gSA ihxw osQ vuqlkj dY;k.k dks
mi;ksfxrk ;k larqf"V }kjk ekik tkrk gSA lkekftd dY;k.k fofue;&;ksX; oLrqvksa ,oa lsokvksa dh
O;fDrxr mi;ksfxrkvksa dk oqQy tksM+ ekuk x;k gSA vFkZ'kkL=kh bl èkkj.kk ls lger ugha D;ksafd
mi;ksfxrk dk ek=kkRed eki ugha gks ldrkA ;gh dkj.k gS fd vkèkqfud vFkZ'kkL=kh mi;ksfxrk dks
Øe&la[;kRed (ordinal) fofèk ls ekirs gSaA

3- jk"Vªh; vk; dY;k.k dk lgh ekinaM ugha gSA ihxw dh ^dY;k.k n'kk,¡* jk"Vªh; vk; ls lac¼ gSaA
ijarq j"Vªh; vk; dk vkx.ku djuk vklku dke ughaA fiQj] jk"Vªh; vk; osQ c<+us ek=k ls gh lkekftd
dY;k.k esa o`f¼ ugha gks tkrhA laHko gS fd LiQhfr osQ dkj.k jk"Vªh; vk; esa o`f¼ n`f"Vxkspj gks vkSj
mlls xjhcksa dh fLFkfr igys ls Hkh cqjh gks tk,A bUgha dkj.kksa ls vkèkqfud vFkZ'kkL=kh jk"Vªh; vk; osQ
LFkku ij ^pquko* osQ vkèkkj ij dY;k.k dks ekirs gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ] ;fn dksbZ O;fDr fdlh oLrq osQ B
lewg dh vis{kk A lewg dk pquko djrk gS rks fuLlansg mldks A ls vfèkd mi;ksfxrk ;k larqf"V izkIr
gksrh gSA bl izdkj mlosQ dY;k.k esa o`f¼ gksrh gSA

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