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Dilfraz Singh, Lovely Professional University «¬’≈¬∆-I: Ò≈◊ª ¡Â∂ ¡≈◊Ó Á∂ «√˪Â
«¬’≈¬∆-I: Ò≈◊ª ¡Â∂ ¡≈◊Ó Á∂ «√˪ È؇
(Theory of Costs and Revenue)
«ÚÙ∂ Ú√» (Contents)
¿πÁ∂Ù (Objectives)
ÍÃ√Â≈ÚÈ≈ (Introduction)
I.A Ò≈◊ Á∆¡ª Ë≈È≈Úª (Concepts of Cost)
I.B ÿæ‡ √Ó∂∫ «Úæ⁄ Ò≈◊ª (Costs in the Short Run)
I.C ’πæÒ Ò≈◊ (Total Cost)
I.D ’πæÒ Ò≈◊Â, ’æπÒ √«Ê Ò≈◊ ¡Â∂ ’æπÒ Í«ÚÂÈÙ∆Ò Ò≈◊ Á∂ «Úæ⁄Ú≈ √ÏßË
(Relation among Total Cost, Total Fixed Cost and Total Variable Cost)
I.E ¡Ω√ Ò≈◊ (Average Cost)
I.F ÿæ‡ √Óª ¡Ω√ Ò≈◊ ڥ ‘U’ ¡≈’≈ Á∆ «’™ ‘πßÁ∆ ˛?
(Why is the Short Run Average Cost Curve ‘U’ Shaped?)
I.G √∆Ӫ Ò≈◊ (Marginal Cost)
I.H √∆Ӫ Ò≈◊ ڒz U- ¡≈’≈ Á∆ «’™ ‘πßÁ∆ ˛? (Why is MC Curve U-shaped?)
I.I ¡Ω√ Ò≈◊ ¡Â∂ √∆Ӫ Ò≈◊ «Úæ⁄ √ÏßË
(Relation between Average Cost and Marginal Cost)
I.A@ ÿæ‡ √Ó∂∫ «Úæ⁄ Úæ÷-Úæ÷ Ò≈◊ ڥª «Úæ⁄ √ÏßË
(Relationship of Different Cost Curves in the Short Period)
I.AA Ò≈◊ ڒzª ¡Â∂ ¿πÂÍ≈Á’Â≈ Ú¥ª «Úæ⁄ √ÏßË
(Relationship between Cost Curves and Productivity Curves)
I.AB Á∆ÿ ’≈Ò «Úæ⁄ Ò≈◊ (Costs in long Run)
I.AC Á∆ÿ ’≈Ò∆È ’πæÒ Ò≈◊ (Long Run Total Cost – LTC)
I.AD Á∆ÿ ’≈Ò∆È ¡Ω√ Ò≈◊ ڒz ‹ª «ÒÎ≈Î≈ Ú¥
(Long Run Average Cost Curve or Envelope Curve)
I.AE Á∆ÿ ’≈Ò∆È √∆Ӫ Ò≈◊ (Long Run Marginal Cost)
I.AF Ò≈◊ ڥª Á≈ ¡≈Ëπ«È’ «√˪ (Modern Theory of Cost Curves)
I.AG Á∆ÿ ’≈Ò∆È √∆Ӫ Ò≈◊ ڥ (Long Run Marginal Cost Curve)
I.AH Â’È∆’∆ Í«ÚÂÈ : ¡«Â Á∆ÿ ’≈Ò (Technical Change : The Very Long Run)
I.AI √≈≈ßÙ (Summary)
I.B@ ÙÏÁ’ØÙ (Keywords)
I.BA ¡«Ì¡≈√ ÍzÙÈ (Review Questions)
I.BB √Ïß«Ë Íπ√Â’ª (Further Readings)
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 201