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Dilfraz Singh, Lovely Professional University                           «¬’≈¬∆-I: Ò≈◊ª ¡Â∂ ¡≈◊Ó Á∂ «√˪Â





                            «¬’≈¬∆-I: Ò≈◊ª ¡Â∂ ¡≈◊Ó Á∂ «√˪                                        È؇

                              (Theory of Costs and Revenue)






                    «ÚÙ∂ Ú√» (Contents)
                    ¿πÁ∂Ù (Objectives)
                    ÍÃ√Â≈ÚÈ≈ (Introduction)

                    I.A    Ò≈◊ Á∆¡ª Ë≈È≈Úª (Concepts of Cost)
                    I.B    ÿæ‡ √Ó∂∫ «Úæ⁄ Ò≈◊ª (Costs in the Short Run)
                    I.C    ’πæÒ Ò≈◊ (Total Cost)
                    I.D    ’πæÒ Ò≈◊Â, ’æπÒ √«Ê Ò≈◊ ¡Â∂ ’æπÒ Í«ÚÂÈÙ∆Ò Ò≈◊ Á∂ «Úæ⁄Ú≈ √ÏßË
                          (Relation among Total Cost, Total Fixed Cost and Total Variable Cost)

                    I.E    ¡Ω√ Ò≈◊ (Average Cost)
                    I.F    ÿæ‡ √Óª ¡Ω√ Ò≈◊ ڥ ‘U’ ¡≈’≈ Á∆ «’™ ‘πßÁ∆ ˛?
                          (Why is the Short Run Average Cost Curve ‘U’ Shaped?)
                    I.G    √∆Ӫ Ò≈◊ (Marginal Cost)

                    I.H    √∆Ӫ Ò≈◊ ڒz U- ¡≈’≈ Á∆ «’™ ‘πßÁ∆ ˛? (Why is MC Curve U-shaped?)
                    I.I    ¡Ω√ Ò≈◊ ¡Â∂ √∆Ӫ Ò≈◊ «Úæ⁄ √ÏßË
                          (Relation between Average Cost and Marginal Cost)
                    I.A@   ÿæ‡ √Ó∂∫ «Úæ⁄ Úæ÷-Úæ÷ Ò≈◊ ڥª «Úæ⁄ √ÏßË
                          (Relationship of Different Cost Curves in the Short Period)
                    I.AA   Ò≈◊ ڒzª ¡Â∂ ¿πÂÍ≈Á’Â≈ Ú¥ª «Úæ⁄ √ÏßË
                          (Relationship between Cost Curves and Productivity Curves)
                    I.AB   Á∆ÿ ’≈Ò «Úæ⁄ Ò≈◊ (Costs in long Run)
                    I.AC   Á∆ÿ ’≈Ò∆È ’πæÒ Ò≈◊ (Long Run Total Cost – LTC)
                    I.AD   Á∆ÿ ’≈Ò∆È ¡Ω√ Ò≈◊ ڒz ‹ª «ÒÎ≈Î≈ Ú¥
                          (Long Run Average Cost Curve or Envelope Curve)
                    I.AE   Á∆ÿ ’≈Ò∆È √∆Ӫ Ò≈◊ (Long Run Marginal Cost)
                    I.AF   Ò≈◊ ڥª Á≈ ¡≈Ëπ«È’ «√˪ (Modern Theory of Cost Curves)
                    I.AG   Á∆ÿ ’≈Ò∆È √∆Ӫ Ò≈◊ ڥ (Long Run Marginal Cost Curve)
                    I.AH   Â’È∆’∆ Í«ÚÂÈ : ¡«Â Á∆ÿ ’≈Ò (Technical Change : The Very Long Run)
                    I.AI   √≈≈ßÙ (Summary)
                    I.B@   ÙÏÁ’ØÙ (Keywords)
                    I.BA   ¡«Ì¡≈√ ÍzÙÈ (Review Questions)
                    I.BB   √Ïß«Ë Íπ√Â’ª (Further Readings)






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