Page 100 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar

uksV blosQ foijhr] okLrfod fuos'k vFkZO;oLFkk esa vfrfjDr mRiknh {kerk mRiUu djrk gSA ,d u, dkj[kkus vFkok
dk;Z f'kfoj (workshop) dk fuekZ.k okLrfod fuos'k dk ,d mnkgj.k gSA fuos'k dk ;g dk;Z u osQoy mlosQ
fy, gS] vfirq vFkZO;oLFkk osQ fy, Hkh egÙoiw.kZ gSA dhUl us jk"Vªh; vk; fo'ys"k.k esa bl fuos'k dk iz;ksx
fd;k gSA ;g è;ku nsuk egÙoiw.kZ gS fd tc ,d O;fDr ,d oaQiuh osQ u, va'k&i=k [kjhnrk gS] rks foÙkh;
fuos'k okLrfod fuos'k dk ifjpk;d gksxkA

3- vk;ksftr fuos'k vkSj vfu;ksftr fuos'k
(Planned Investment and Unplanned Investment)

fuos'k dks vk;ksftr vFkok vfHkizsr fuos'k dgk tkrk gS] tks eky rkfydkvksa esa o`f¼ vFkok ,d vfrfjDr ;a=k
dh LFkkiuk }kjk orZeku LVkWd dks c<+kus osQ fy, tkucw>dj fd;k x;k iz;kl izksRlkfgr djrh gSA ;g Hkkjh fcØh
vFkok vuqowQy cktkj dh n'kkvksa ls izsfjr gks ldrk gSA m|eh ,d fuf'pr le; vofèk fuèkkZfjr y{; osQ
vuqlkj bl fuos'k esa gkFk Mkyus dk fopkj djrs gSaaA
blosQ foijhr] vfu;ksftr fuos'k m|fe;ksa dh vksj ls foo'k fuos'k (forced Investment) gSA ;g rc gksrk gS]
tc de fcØh osQ dkj.k oqQN vfofØr RkS;kj oLrq,¡ lafpr gks tkrh gaSA

;g t:jh ugha fd okLrfod fuos'k (realised investment) vk;ksftr fuos'k osQ cjkcj gksA okLrfod fuos'k]
vk;kssftr vkSj vfu;ksftr fuos'k osQ ;ksx osQ cjkcj gksrk gSA tc vfu;ksftr fuos'k 'kwU; osQ cjkcj gksrk gS] rks
okLrfod fuos'k vk;ksftr fuos'k osQ cjkcj gksrk gSA la{ksi esa]

okLrfod fuos'k ¾ vk;ksftr fuos'k $ vfu;ksftr fuos'k

4- izsfjr fuos'k vkSj Lok;Ùk fuos'k (Induced Investment and Autonomous Investment)

fuos'k dk izsfjr vkSj Lok;Ùk fuos'k esa oxhZdj.k lef"Vxr
vk£Fkd fo'ys"k.k esa egÙoiw.kZ gSA fuos'k tks fd m|fe;ksa
Y
dh ykHk vis{kkvksa ij fuHkZj djrk gS] izsfjr fuos'k dgykrk
gSA tc m|eh iw¡thxr oLrqvksa dh lgk;rk ls mRikfnr
I
oLrqvksa dh rst fcØh dh vk'kk djrs gSa] rks os bu iw¡thxr
I
2
oLrqvksa dks mRiUu djrs gSa vFkok eaxokrs gSaA ,slk iwokZuqeku fuos'k I
vk; osQ Lrj vkSj miHkksDrkvksa dh izHkkoiw.kZ ek¡x ij fUkHkZj 1
I
djrk gSA vk; osQ Lrj esa o`f¼ ls jkstxkj dk Lrj c<+rk
gS vkSj blfy, miHkksDrk oLrqvksa dh ek¡x c<+ tkrh gSA X
O Y Y
vk; vkSj fuos'k osQ chp ;g èkukRed iQyud lacaèk 1 2
vk;
vkys[k }kjk fp=k 10-1 esa le>k;k x;k gSA bl fp=k esa]
fp=k 10-1 % izsfjr fuos'k
vk; dks X-(horizontal) v{k ij izn£'kr fd;k x;k gSA
tcfd fuos'k dks Y-(vertical) v{k ij vkysf[kr fd;k x;k gSA vk; esa OY ls OY rd o`f¼ gksus dh
1 2
izfrfØ;k Lo:i fuos'k dk Lrj Y I ls Y I c<+ tkrk gSA blfy,] izsfjr fuos'k vk; ykspnkj (Income elastic)
1 1 2 2
gSA vk; dk Lrj ftruk Å¡pk gksrk gS] mruk gh fuos'k vfèkd gksxkA vk; osQ vfrfjDr] izsfjr fuos'k vfHkUko
ifjorZu (innovations), ljdkjh uhfr] tula[;k osQ vkdkj vkSj la?kVu] vkfn ij Hkh fuHkZj djrk gSA
Lok;Ùk fuos'k vk; osQ Lrj vFkok C;kt dh nj ls izHkkfor ugha gksrkA ljdkj }kjk tuksi;ksxh lsokvksa (tSls
jsyos] lM+d] fctyh] Mkd vkSj rkj] bR;kfn) esa fd;k x;k vfèkdka'k fuos'k bl Js.kh ;k oxZ ls lacafèkr gS]
pw¡fd ljdkj osQ fuos'k fu.kZ; ek=k ykHk ;k gkfu ls izsfjr ugha gksrsA blosQ foijhr] futh fuos'k dk Lok;Ùk gksuk

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