Page 65 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZµ5% jkstxkj dk Dykfldh fl¼kar

larqyu dh vk/kjHkwr Dykfldh /kj.kk vLohdkj dj nhA mlus bl /kj.kk dks vokLrfod crk;kA og iw.kZ uksV
jkstxkj dks ,d fof'k"V fLFkfr ekurk gSA lektoknh vFkZO;oLFkk esa lkekU; fLFkfr vYijkstxkj dh jgrh gSA
bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd iw¡thoknh lekt ls osQ fu;ekuqlkj ugha dke djrk vkSj iw£r lnSo ekax ls c<+ tkrh
gSA ge ns[krs gSa fd orZeku etnwjh nj ij] ;k mlls Hkh de ij] yk[kksa Jfed dke djus dks rS;kj jgrs gSa]
ij mUgsa dke ugha feyrkA bl izdkj] iw¡thoknh vFkZO;oLFkk esa vuSfPNd (involuntary) csjkstxkjh dk vfLrRo
(ftls Dykfldh vFkZ'kkL=kh ,dne ekurs gh ugha) ;g fl¼ djrk gS fd vYijkstxkj larqyu ,d lkekU; fLFkfr
gS vkSj iw.kZ jkstxkj larqyu dh fLFkfr vlk/kj.k rFkk vkdfLed gSA

2- lkekU; ls vf/d mRiknu laHko (Over-production Possible)µosQU”k us] ls osQ cktkj fu;e dk
[kaMu fd;k fd iw£r Lo;a viuh ekax iSnk djrh gSA mldh /kj.kk gS fd lk/u&Lokfe;ksa }kjk v£tr leLr vk;
mu oLrqvksa osQ ozQ; esa [kpZ ugha gksrh ftuosQ mRiknu esa os lgk;d gksrs gSaA v£tr vk; dk oqQN Hkkx cpk fy;k
tkrk gS] tks vius vki fuos'k ugha gks tkrk D;ksafd cpr rFkk fuos'k i`Fkd&i`Fkd dk;Z gSaA blfy, tc leLr
v£tr vk; miHkksDrk oLrqvksa ij [kpZ ugha gksrh vkSj mldk oqQN Hkkx cp tkrk gS] rks oqQy ekax esa deh gks
tkrh gSA blosQ ifj.kkeLo:i lkekU; vfr&mRiknu gksrk gS] D;ksafd og lc foozQ; ugha gks ikrk ftldk mRiknu
gqvk gSA blls] vkxs pydj] lkekU; csjkstxkjh vkrh gSA bl izdkj osaQ”k us bl fu;e dk lgkjk ysdj] fd
lhekar miHkksx izo`fÙk ,d ls de jgrh gS] ls osQ fu;e dks fujFkZd Bgjk;kA
3- vFkZO;oLFkk esa Lor% lek;kstu vlaHko (Self-adjustment Impossible in the Economy)µosQU”k]
Dykfldh vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa osQ bl fopkj ls lger ugha Fkk fd iw.kZ jkstxkj larqyu dh Lor% rFkk Lo;a lek;ksftr
izfozQ;k osQ fy, vca/ uhfr (laissez faire) vko';d gSA mlus y{; fd;k fd vius lekt osQ vleku <kaps
osQ dkj.k iw¡thoknh iz.kkyh Lor% rFkk Lo;a lek;ksftr ugha gSA mlesa nks iz/ku oxZ gksrs gSaµ/uh rFkk xjhcA
èkfudksa osQ ikl cgqr /u gksrk gS ijarq os ml lkjs /u dks miHkksx ij ugha O;; djrsA xjhcksa osQ ikl miHkksDrk
oLrq,a [kjhnus osQ fy, eqnzk dk vHkko gksrk gSA bl izdkj oqQy iw£r osQ eqdkcys oqQy ekax dh lkekU; U;wurk
jgrh gS ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:i vFkZO;oLFkk esa vfr&mRiknu rFkk csjks”kxkjh vkrh gSA oLrqr% ^cM+h eanh* blh dk
ifj.kke FkhA ;fn iw¡thoknh O;oLFkk] Lor% rFkk Lo;a lek;ksftr gksrh] rks ,slk dHkh u gksrkA blfy, osaQ”k us
bl ckr dk leFkZu fd;k fd vFkZO;oLFkk osQ Hkhrj iw£r rFkk ekax dk lek;kstu djus osQ fy, jktdks"kh; rFkk
ekSfnzd fofèk;ksa osQ ekè;e ls jkT; gLr{ksi djsA

4- vk; ifjorZuksa }kj cpr vkSj fuos'k esa lekurk (Equality between Saving and Investment
through Income Changes)µDykfldh vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa dk ;g fo'okl Fkk fd iw.kZ jkstxkj osQ Lrj ij cpr
rFkk fuos'k cjkcj gksrs gSa rFkk ;fn muesa fdlh izdkj dk fopyu gks] rks C;kt dh nj dk ra=k muesa lekurk
yk nsrk gSA osQU”k osQ vuqlkj] cpr dk Lrj C;kt dh nj ij ugha cfYd vk; osQ Lrj ij fuHkZj djrk gSA blh
izdkj] fuos'k dks C;kt dh nj gh ugha cfYd iw¡th dh lhekar mRikndrk Hkh fu/kZfjr djrh gSA ;fn O;olk;
izR;k'kk,¡ de gksa] rks C;kt dh uhph nj esa fuos'k ugha c<+sxkA ;fn fuos'k ls cpr c<+ tk,] rks bldk eryc
gS yksx miHkksx ij vf/o`Qr de O;; djrs gSaA ifj.kker% ekax fxj tkrh gS] vfr&mRiknu gksrk gS vkSj fuos'k
vk;] rFkk mRiknu esa deh gks tkrh gSA blls cpr ?kV tk,xh vkSj varr% vk; osQ vis{kko`Qr ij cpr rFkk
fuos'k esa lekurk LFkkfir gks tk,xhA bl izdkj] C;kt dh nj dh vis{kk :i esa ifjorZu ls cpr rFkk fuos'k
esa lekurk vkrh gSA
5- etnwjh dVkSrh dk [kaMu (Refutation of Wage Cut)µosaQ”k us ihxw osQ bl fl¼kar dk [kaMu fd;k
fd eqnzk&etnwjh esa dVkSrh djus ls vFkZO;oLFkk esa iw.kZ jkstxkj miyC/ fd;k tk ldrk gSA ihxw osQ fo'ys"k.k
esa lcls cM+h HkzkfUr ;g jgh dh mlus ml roZQ dks] tks fof'k"V m|ksx ls ihxw gksrk gS] leLr vFkZO;oLFkk ij
ykxw dj fn;kA etnwjh dh nj esa deh] ykxrksa rFkk ekax dks c<+kdj ,d m|ksx esa rks jkstxkj c<+k ldrh gS

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