Page 131 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_PUNJABI

iekie-13: kynijXn idRStIkox

qy hI mwinAw (Valid) huMdw hY[ pr rojgwr dI siQiq iek durlB (Rare) siQiq hY[ ijAwdwqr dySW iv`c G`t È؇
rojgwr dI siQiq pweI jWdI hY[ kynj dw mudrw dw isDWq purx rojgwr Aqy G`t rojgwr dovy hI AvsDwvW
qy mwnX hY[ G`t rojgwr dI siQiq iv`c, mudrw dI mwqrw iv`c virDI dy pirxwmsvrup rojgwr Aqy aqpwdn
iv`c viriD huMdI hY[ pr purx rojgwr dI AvsQw dy bwd mudrw dI mwqrw iv`c virDI hox qy kImq p`Dr v`Ddw
hY[ kynj ieh vI mwndw hY ik Apurx rojgwr dI siQiq iv`c vI bwjwr dI ApurxqwvW dy kwrx aqpwdn iv`c
viriD hox dy nwl nwl kImq p`Dr iv`c iv virDI ho skdI hY[ pr ieho ijhI viriD bhuq sIimq hMudI hY[
3. modirk isDWq Aqy aqpwdn isDWq iv`c iekIkrx (Integration between Monetary Theory and Theory
of Output) – lwrf kynj ny modirk isDWq dw aoqpwdn isDWq dy nwl vI iekIkrx kIqw hY[ mudrw dI mwqrw
iv`c bdlwv ibAwj dI dr ƒ pRBwivq krdI hY Aqy iehdy pirxwmsvrup invyS dI mwqrw iv`c vI bdlwv huMdw
hY[ iesleI ArQ-ivvSQw iv`c aqpwdn dI mwqrw iv`c vI bdlwv huMdw hY[ aqpwdn dI mwqrw iv`c hox vwly
bdlwv dy kwrx aqpwdn dI lwgq Aqy kImq – p`Dr iv`c vI bdlwv huMdw hY[
4. kwrxwqmk kirAwvW dI aicq ivAwiKAw (Proper Explanation of the Causal Process) – ieh isDWq
mudrw dy pirmwx isDWq dI vjwey kwrxwqmk kirAwvW dy sMbD dI v`D vYigAink ivAwiKAw krdw hY[ kynj
dy muqwbk mudrw dy pirmwx isDWq dw ieh doS hY ik iehdy iv`c mudrw dI mwqrw dy an pRBwvW dI, jyVI ibAwj
dI dr, invyS, aqpwdn Aqy rojgwr qy pYdy hn, purI qrW AvhylnW kIqI hY[ ies isDWq iv`c kyvl mudrw dI
kul mwqrw Aqy kImqW qy iDAwn kyndrq kIqw igAw hY[ pr kynj dy isDWq iv`c ien swirAW q`qW qy iDAwn
rwiKAw igAw hY[ ies isDWq dy muqwbk mudrw dI purqI mMg qo v`D hox qy ibAwj dI dr ƒ G`tdI hY[ ijdy
Plsvrup invyS iv`c virDI hMudI hY[ invyS iv`c virDI hox nwl aqpwdn dy swDWnW dI mMg v`DdI hY, Aqy
auhnW dI aqpwdn lwgq v`D jwx dy kwrx kImqW v`D jWdI hY[ iesleI mudrw dI mwqrw dw kImqW qy ApRqXS
pRBwv pYdW hY[ ieh ivAwiKAw inSicq hI v`D vwsqivk hY[
5. AwriQk nIiqAw dw cMgw pQ-pRdrSk (Better Guide Economic Policies) – kynj dw isDWq mudrw dy
pirmwx isDWq dI qulnW iv`c v`D ivvhwirk hn Aqy AwriQk nIiqAW dw cMgw pQ-pRdrSk hn[ mudrw dy
pirmwx dy isDWq dy muqwbk, mudrw dI mwqrw dy hr virDI kImqW iv`c virDI Aqy sPIiq dw kwrx bndI
hY[pr kynj dy muqwbk mudrw dI mwqrw iv`c virDI sdw mudrw sPIiq dw kwrx purx rojgwr qo bwd hI bndI
hY[ jykr iksy dys iv`c byrojgwrI Aqy mMdI dI siQqI peI jWdI hY qW ies siQqI qo CutkwrW pwx dy leI G`wty
dI ivq ivvsQw jW swK ivsqwr dI nIiq qo ibnW kImqW iv``c vrIiD dy frky ApnwieAw jw skdw hY[ iesleI
mudrw dI purqI iv`c viriD dy kwrx kImq p`Dr iv`c virDI hovygI, iehojI kooeI Kqrnwk g`l nhI hY[
sNSyp iv`c, kynj dw ieh ivcwr hY ik mudrw dI purqI AwriQk ivkws dw qd q`k iek apkrx hY jd qk purx
rojgwr dI siQiq pRwpq nhI ho jWdI[ purx rojgwr dI AvsQw pRwpq ho jwx qo bwd mudrw dI purqI hox nwl
kImq p`Dr iv`c viriD dw Kqrw v`D jwdW hY[

È؇√ kynijXn isDWq dy bwry my Apny ivcwr vXkq kIijXy[

mu`K ibMdu (Key Points)
J mudrw dw mu`l (Value of Money) – iek iekweI mudrw dy bdly iv`c ijnI vsquAW Aqy syvwvW pRwpq
huMdI hY, ahnW ƒ mudrw dI ies iekweI dw mul ikhw jwdW hY[
J mudrw dw mu`l Aqy kImq p`Dr (Value of Money and Price Level) – mudrw dw mu`l Aqy kImq p`Dr
1
dy ault rup iv`c sMbiDq hY Bwv mudrw dw mu`l = kImq p`Dr
J mudrw pirmwx isDWq (Quantity Theory of Money) – mudrw dI mwqrw Aqy Awm kImq p`Dr dy iv`c
pRqXS Awnupwiqk sMbD hY Aqy mudrw dI mwqrw Aqy mudrw mu`l dy iv`c ault Awnupwiqk sMbD hY[

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