Page 286 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_PUNJABI

smStI ArQSwsqr dy isDWq

È؇ jW srkwrI Krc ivc virDI byrojgwrI nUM kyvl qWhI G`t krygI jdoN iesdy ArQivvsQw qy Alpkwilk pRBwv
lokW dy leI ApRiqXwiSq (jw ApUrvwnumwinq ) hoxw dujy SbdW ivc, iek rwjkoSIX nIqI dw byrojgwrI nMU G`t
krn dw Alpkwilk pRBwv ho skdw hY, jykr lokW nUM ieh pUrvwnUmwn nW hovy ik Biv`K ivc kImqW v`DxgIAW[
pr jdoN kdy srkwr iksy AysI nIqI qy f`tI rihMdI hY qW lokW nUM sPIiq dr vD`x dI Aws ho jWdI hY[ AMq
sPIiq ivc vrkr BwvI virDI dI sMBwvnw nUM dyKdy hoey v`D mjdUrI dI mMg krxgy Aqy PrmW Biv`K ivc hox
vwlIAW lwgqW ivc virDI dw pUrvwnumwn lgwaudy hoey AwpxI vsquAW dI kImqW ivc virDI krygI[ iesdy
pirxwmsrUp rwjkoSIX nIqI Alpkwl ivc ApRBwvI ho jwvygI[ ies nwl lMby smyN ivc byrojgwrI Aqy sPIiq
v`D skdI hY, jdoN srkwr sPIqI nMU inXMqirq krx dw pirAws krdI hY[
iesy qrW, jykr srkwr byrojgwrI G`t krx dy leI ivsqwrk modirk nIqI rwhIN mudrw pUrqI v`DWdI hY qW ieh
vI Alpkwl ivc ApRBwvI rihMdI hY[ ieho ijhI nIqI qW hI Alpkwl ivc byrojgwrI G`t kr skdI hY jdoN
ArQivvsQw qy iesdy pRBwv pUrvwnUmwinq n hox[ pr jdoN srkwr ies qrW dI ivsqwrk modirk nIqI qy f`tI
rihMdI hY qW lokW nUM sPIiq drivc virDI dI pRiqXwSw ho jWdI hY[ PrmW AwpxI vsquAW dIAW kImqW vD`W
idMdIAW hn ijs nwl sMBwivq sPIqI nUM inSikRX bxwieAW jw sky qWik aqpwdn qy asdw koeI pRBwv nW hovy[
iesy qrW, sPIiq ivc virDI dw pUrvwnumwn lgwauNdy hoey vrkr v`D vyqn dI mMg krdy hn Aqy PrmW hor v~D
vrkrW nUM rojgwr nhI dyMdIAW[ AMq ies nwl byrojgwrI qy koeI pRBwv nhI pYNdw[
ies qrW dyiKAw jwvy qW rytyks pirklpnw ieh suJWdI hY ik ivsqwrk rwjkoSIX Aqy modirk nIiqAW byrojgwrI
qy AsQweI pRBwv pwauxigAW Aqy jykr cldI rhy qW sPIiq Aqy byrojgwrI ivc hor virDI kr skdI hY[ ieho
ijhI nIiqAw dI sPlqw qW hI hY jdoN lok iehnW dw purvwnuUmwn nW lgw skx[ iek vwr jdoN lok ienW dw
purvwnUmwn lgw lYdy hn Aqy Awpxy Awp ƒ iehdy muqwbk Fwl lYdy hn qW ArQivvsw ApxI purxI byrojgwrI
dI pRwikriqk dr qy lot AWdI hY[ iesleI ivsqwrk rwjkoSIX Aqy modirk nIiqAW iv`c byrojgwrI qy QoVy
smy dy pRBwv dy leI srkwr ƒ lokW ƒ murK bxwxw hovygw[ pr sdw ieho ijhw nhI huMdw[ jykr srkwr ien
nIiqAW ƒ lwgu rKdI hY qW auh ApRvwvI ho jWdI hY ikauik lokW ƒ v`D msy q`k murk bnwx muSkl hY Aqy auh
aqpwdn Aqy byrojgwrI qy iesdy pRBwv dw purvwnumwx lW lYdy hn[ ies qrW, rwjkoSIX-modirk nIiqAW QoVy
smy iv`c hI ApRBwvI ho jWdI hY[ ryqyks pirklpnw dw smrQn krx vwilAW dy muqwbk ivAwpk byrojgwrI
kIqy ibnw sPIiq ƒ inXMqirq kIqw jw skdw hY, jykr srkwr rwjkoSIX Aqy modirk apweW dw eylwx kry Aqy
lokW ƒ hYrwn krx dI bjwey auhnW ƒ ies bwry iv`c smJwieAy[
AwlocnwvW (Criticisms)

rytysk pirklpnw dI ArQSwsqirAW ny hyT AwDwr qy Alocxw kIqI hY –
1. Avwsqivk minAqw (Unrealistic Assumption) – ivvykpurx pRqXwSwvW dI minAqw Avwsqivk hY[
AwlockW dw kihxw hY ik v`fI PrmW qW TIk-TIk Anumwn lgw pwvygI pr CotI Prm jW iek Awm krmcwrI
ieho ijhw nhI kr pwvygw[
2. mihgI jwxkwrI (Costly Information) – jwxkwrI iek`TI krxw, ausdw ivSlySx Aqy pRswr bhuq mihgw
pYdw hY[ iesleI jwxkwrI dy leI auicq bwjwr nhI hn[ iesleI ijAwdwqr AwriQk eyjyNt ivvykpurx
pRqXwSwvW dy AwDwr qy kMm nhI kr skdy[
3. v`KrI jwxkwrI (Different Information) – AwlockW dw ieh vI mwnxw hY ik srkwr ƒ imlI hoeI jwxkwrI,
PrmW Aqy vrkrW qo imlI jwxkwrI qo v`KrI hodI hY[ iesleI Prm Aqy vrkrW dI sPIiq dI sMBwivq dr dy
bwry iv`c pRqXwSwvW jrUrI nhI ik kyvl Aivcwirq (random) kMmI dy kwrx hI vwsqivk dr qo v`KrI hovy[
pr srkwr aplbD sucxw dy AwDwr qy sPIiq ƒ sMBwivq Aqy vwsqivk dr dy iv`c dy AMqr dy bwry iv`c TIk-
TIk purvwnumwn lgw skdy hn[
4. kImqW Aqy mjdUirAW lcIlI nhI (Prices and Wages not Flexible) – jykr srkwr Aqy ivAkiqAW
donW dI sucxw q`k puMj brwbr hY qd ies g`l dI gwrNtI nhI hY ik auhnW dI pRqXwSwvW ivvykpurx hovygI[

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