Page 74 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_PUNJABI

smStI ArQSwsqr dy isDWq

È؇ Awmdn v`DdI hY qW apBog Krc vI vDdw hY pr bhuq hI G`t mwqrw iv`c[ dujy SbdW iv`c Awmdn iv`c virDI
(jW nmI) hox nwl apBog Krc vI v`Ddw (jW G`tdw) qW hY pr Awnupwiqk (proportional) rup iv`c nhI[
ies gYr Awnupwiqk (non-proportional) apBog Pln dw Bwv hY ik AlpkwlIn Aosq pRvirqI (APC) Aqy
sImWq apBog pRvirqI (MPC) dovy myl nhI KwdI hY[ blik APC > MPC Aqy MPC Dnwqmk (positive)
huMdI hY pr iekweI qo kMm: 0 < MPC < 1. AMiqm, kynjIX apBog Pln dI QoVy smy Aqy lMmy smy donW iv`c
siDr mMn ilqw igAw hY[ kynj dw ieh isDWq AsnqoSjnk iSd hoieAw ikauik ieh apBog Aqy Awmdn dy
sMiKXkIAw lMmy smy dy Awnupwiqkqw dI ivAwiKAw nhI kr sky[
ieh smJx dy leI AwsI Awnupwiqk Aqy hYr – Awnupwiqk apBog Pln dI qulnw krdy hY[ apBg Pln
Awnupwiqk huMdw hY jd Awmdn dy hr p`Dr qy APC siDr hovy Aqy MPC dy brwbr hovy ijvyjw icqr 7.1 iv`c
ivKwieAw igAw ijQy apBog Pln C mul O qy k`tdw hY[ jd Awmdn iv`c bdlwv krmwS: OY Aqy OY
1 2
huMdw hY qW ies C vkr dy nwl-nwl E Aqy E ibMdUAw qy APC = MPC [dujy Sbdw iv`c, 45° roKw dy E
1 2 1
ibMdu qy APC = OC /OY = 1 Aqy MPC = ∆C/∆Y = 1 apBog Pln gYr Awnupwiqk huMdw hY jd Awmdn dy
1 1
v`Dx (jW G`t hox hox) nwl APC G`t huMdI (jW v`DdI) hY[ icqr 7.2 iv`c C apBog Pln hY[OY Awmdn
1
p`Dr qy C vkr dy ibMdu E qy APC >MPC, ijQy APC = OC /OY Aqy MPC = ∆C/∆Y = ER/RE pr
1 1 0
Bwg dy OY p`Dr qy jd C vkr 45° ryKw ƒ E ibMdu qy k`tdw hY, auQy APC = MPC.
0 0

icqr 7.1 icqr 7.2

È؇√ kynj ny AwpxI pusqk General Theory iv`c apBog Pln dy isDWq nUM pRiqpwidq
kIqw[

1930 dy dSk dy AMq iv`c Aqy 1940 dy dSk dy m`D iv`c Anyk ieho ijhy AiDAn kIqy gey jyVy bjt AMko dy
iqrXk Cyd (cross-section) Aqy kwl SryixAW (time-series) qy AwDwirq sI[ ien AiDAnW iv`c kynj
dw apBog Pln isDWq pRmwixq hoieAw jyVw inrpyS Awmdn pirklpnw (absolute income hypothesis)
khlYdw hY[
1946 iv`c kujnyts (Kuznets) ny sXukq rwjX AmyrIkw dy 1869-1938 dI AviD dy apBog Aqy Awmdn
dy AwkiVAW dw AiDAn kIqw Aqy ies smy dw apBog Pln 0.9 AwkIAw[ Pyr auh ies inSkrS qy puMijAw
ik lMmy smy iv`c prXnq Aosqn APC iv`c Qwly dI jwx dI koeI pRvirqI njr nhI AweI ijdy pirxwmsvrup
ijvy-ijvy lMmy smy iv`c pRvirqI dy nwl Awmdn v`DI, auvy-auvy MPC dy brwbr APC huMdw igAw[ iehdw mqlb
hY ik lMmy smy iv`c apBog Pln ieho ijhI srl ryKw hY jyVI mu`l ibMdu qo gujrWdI hY, ijvy jw icqr 7.3 iv`c C
L
roKw rwhI ivKwieAw igAw hY[ bolfsimQ ny 1955 iv`c dubwrw ies inSkrSW dw prISx kIqw Aqy auh ieh
inSkrS qy puijAw ik lMmy smy dy apBog Pln 0.87 jW 0.9 qy siDr irAw[ ien donW AiDAn qo pwqw cwldw

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