Page 84 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_PUNJABI

smStI ArQSwsqr dy isDWq

È؇ PrIfmYn sQweI Awmdn ƒ ies qrW pirBwiSq krdy hn, “Awpxy DMn ƒ ijvy dw iqvw surSq rKdy hoey koeI
aupBogqw iekweI Awmdn dI ijs mwqrw dw apBog kr skdI hY (jW msJdI hY ik apBog kr skdI hY)[” ieh
Awmdn iksy pwirvwirk iekweI dI Kws huMdI hY jyVI kwl-iSiqj (time-horizon) Aqy durdriSqw qy inrBr
krdI hY[ iedhy AMdr ieh sb smwl huMdy hn ijvy pirvwr dw gYr mwnv (non-human) DMn-ArjkW (earners)
dy ivAkiqgq gux, ArjkW dI AwriQk kirAw dy gux ijvy ik ausdw ivvswX, AwriQk kirAw dw QNw AwdI[
ikauik apBogqw dI mwipq Awmdn Aqy cwlU Awmdn Y hY, iesleI ieh iksy vI smy iv`c ausdI sQweI
Awmdn qo v`D jW G`t ho skdI hY[ mwipq Awmdn Aqy sQweI Awmdn iv`c ies qrW dy AMqr Awmdn dy sQweI
ihsy (Y ) dy kwrx hMudy hn[ Awksimk lwBW Aqy nukswn Aqy ckirAw pirvrqnW dy pirxwmsvrup AsQweI
t
Awmdn v`D jW G`t skdI hY[ jykr Awksimk lwB dy kwrx AsQweI Awmdn Dnwqmk (positive) hovygI qW
mwipk Awmdn sQweI Awmdn qo v`D jwvygI[ jykr rorI ho jwx nwl (Aor nukswn dy kwrx) AsQweI Awmdn
irxwqmk hovygI, qW mwipq Awmdn G`tkr sQweI Awmdn qo G`t ho jwvygI[ AsQweI Awmdn ijro vI ho skdI
hY Aqy aus siQqI iv`c mwipq Awmdn sQweI Awmdn dy brwbr hovygI[

√ÚÀ ÓπÒª’‰ (Self Assessment)

irkq QwvW ƒ Bro (Fill in the blanks):
1. PrIfmYn ies mq ƒ AsvIkwr krdy hn ik “cwlU jW mwipq Awmdn” ………… ƒ inrDwirq krdI hY[
2. Awksimk lwBW Aqy nukswn Aqy ckirAw pirvrqnW dy pirxwmsvrup AsQweI Awmdn …………
skdI hY[
sQweI apBog aun syvwvW dw mul hY ijƒ iksy Kws smy dy iv`c apBog krx dI Xojnw bnweI jWdI hY[ mwipq
apBog ƒ vI do ihsyAw iv`c vifAw jw skdw hY : sQweI apBog (Cp) Aqy AsQweI apBog (Ct)[ mwipq apBog
sQweI apBOg qo v`D, G`t Aqy audy brwbr ho skdw hY jyVw ik ies g`l qy inrBr krygw ik AsQweI apBog
Dnwqmk, irxwqmk Aqy ijro hY[ sQweI apBog (C ) sQweI Awmdn (Y ) dw guxWk (k) huMdw hY[
p p
C = kY
p p
Aqy k = f (r,w,u)
iesleI C = k(r,w,u)Y ...(3)
p p
ijQy k (guxNwk), ibAwj dI dr (r), kul DMn Aqy rwStrI Awmdn iv`c sMpqI Aqy gYr sMpqI Awmdn dy Anupwq
(w), Aqy apBogqw dI apBog pRvirqI (u) dw Pln hY[ iehdw kwrx siDrWk k( = C /Y ) hY jyVw ik sQweI
p p
Awmdn qo svqMqr hY[ ies qrW k apBog dI sQweI Aqy sImWq pRvirqI hY Aqy APC = MPC.
PRIfmYn ny aun pRiqkwrk (off-setting) qwkqW dw ivSlySx kIqw hY ijnW nwl ieh pirxwm pRwpq huMdw hY[ ibAwj dI
dr (r) ƒ lyieA qW 1920 dy swl iv`c ies iv`s lMmy smy dw (secular) pqn ho irAw hY[ iedy nwl k dw mu`l v`Dx
lgdw hY[ pr rwStrI DMn (w) nwl sMpqI Aqy gYr sMpqI Awmdn dy Anupwq iv`c lMmy smy dw pqn hoieAw hY ijdy
nwl k dw mu`l G`tdw hY[ apBog dI pRvirqI iqn kwrxNw nwl pRBwvq hoeI hY[ pwihlW, Pwrm (Kyq) dI AwbwdI iv`c
qyj pqn hoieAw hY ijdy nwl SihrIkrx dy nwl apBog v`iDAw hY[ iedy nwl k (dw mu`l) v`iDAw hY[ dujy, pirvwrW
dw Awkwr bhuq G`t hY[ iessy bcq v`DI hY Aqy apBog G`itAw hY ijdy pirxwmsvrup k dw mu`l G`t hoieAw hY[ iqjy,
rwjX vwlo swmwijk surSw dI ijAwdw ivvsQw kIqI geI hY[ iedy nwl v`D bcq rKx dI lox G`t ho geI hY[ iedy
nwl v`D apBog dI pRvirqI v`DI hY ijdy kwrx k dw mu`l v`wiDAw hY[ ien pRiqkwrI qwkqW dw kul Asr ieh hY ik
sQweI Awmdn ihsy iv`c bdlwv dy Anupwq qo apBog v`D jwdW hY[
ies qrW PRIfmYn dy muqbwk, sQweI Awmdn Aqy apBog iv`c Awnupwiqk sMbD huMdw hY,
C = k Y ...(4)
p
ijQy k Awnupwiqkqw dw gueNwk hY ijdy iv`c APC Aqy MPC AMdr hI hn Aqy jyVw auqy ilKy kwrkW qy inrBr
krdw hY[ dujy SbdW iv`c, ieh sQweI Awmdn dw auh Anupwq hY ijdw apBog kIqw jwdW hY[
hux AsI sQweI Awmdn ƒ ildy hn ijƒ PRIfmYn kwr SryixAW (time series) dy AwDwr qy ieh mwndw hY ik Eh

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