Page 174 - DECO403_MATHEMATICS_FOR_ECONOMISTS_PUNJABI

VED1
E L-LOVELY-H math10-1 IInd 6-8-11 IIIrd 24-1-12 IVth 21-4-12 Vth 20-8-12 VIth 10-9-12

noEPk;soh dk rfDs

B'N tZX s'A tZX T[g:'rsk d/ d{i/ eqw d/ fBy/Ve dk p'ovv j/; ;kofDe XBkswe j'dk ukjhdk j?,
Gkt
⋅⋅⋅
−
f f f p
11 12 1n 1
⋅⋅⋅
−
f f f p
21 22 2n 2
⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅
⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ > 0
⋅⋅⋅
−
fn fn fnn p
1 2 n
−
⋅⋅⋅
− p p p 0
−
1
2
n
;wheoD ftZu ;bN;eh ;wheoD j't/rh^
q ∂  ∂ q   q ∂ 
−
i =  i  u = const. q  i  p = const.
p ∂ i  p ∂ i   y ∂ 
b'u d/ o{g ftZu^;bN;eh ;wheoD d/ d'B'A gk;/ p i /q i Bkb r[Dk eoB s/
p  ∂ q  p  ∂ q  p  q ∂ 
i  i  = i  i  − q i i  i 
q i  p ∂ i  q i  p ∂ i  u= const. q i  y ∂  p= const.
pq
iK η =η − ii =η
1y
is
ip
y
fJZE/ η & dh b'u,
ip
η & gqfs;EkgB b'u ns/
is
η & nkw b'u B{z gqdofPs eod/ jB.
iy
gqfs;Ekfgs ns/ g{oe t;s{nK (Substitutes Goods and Complementary Goods)
i/eo d' t;s{nK gqfs;Ekfgs jB sK gqfs;EkgB gqGkt XBkswe (Positive) j[zdk j?. fJ;d/
T[bN i/eo d' t;s{nK g{oe jB sK gqfs;EkgB gqGkt foDkswe (Negative) j[zdk j?. Gkt
 ∂ q 
>
 2  U = const. 1, gqfs;Ekfgs t;s{nK
 p ∂ 1 
 ∂ q 
<
 2  U = const. 1, g{oe t;s{nK
 p ∂ 1 
 ∂ q 
=
 2  U = const. 0, ;[szso t;s{nK
 p ∂ 1 
;XkoD t;s{nK, jhB t;s{nK ns/ frfcB t;s{nK (Normal Goods, Inferior Goods and
Giffon Goods)
n;hA ikDd/ jK fe
ehws gqGkt & gqfs;EkgB gqGkt O nkwdB gqGkt
;XkoD t;s{nK d/ bJh nkwdB gqGkt XBkswe j[zdk j?, Gkt

 ∂ q 
 1 
 y ∂  ehws =;fEo < 0
ehws ftZu ewh j'D d/ ekoB XBkswe nkwdB gqGkt, XBkswe gqfs;EkgB gqGkt B{z wIp{s
eodk j?. fJ;d/ T[bN ehws tXD s/ T[gG'esk dh n;b nkwdB xZN j[zdh j? ns/ gqfs;EkgB
gqGkt q 1 wksok B{z xZN eoB d/ bJh wIp{s gfotofss j[zdh j?, Gkt

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