Page 9 - DECO404_PUBLIC_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—1% yksd foÙk dk vFkZ ,oa {ks=k

vr% yksd foÙk dh ifjHkk"kk ge bl izdkj dj ldrs gSaµ;g og foKku gS tks lkoZtfud vk;&O;;] Í.k rFkk uksV
foÙkh; iz'kklu] ys[kk ijh{k.k o foÙkh; fu;U=k.k osQ ewy fl¼kUrksa dk rFkk jktdks"kh; fØ;kvksa o jktdks"kh;
uhfr;ksa dk lekt vkSj vk£Fkd&O;oLFkk ij gksus okyh izfrfØ;kvksa dk vè;;u djrk gSA
lSUMiQksMZ us yksd foÙk dks fuEu izdkj ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gS] ¶yksd foÙk dk vFkZ'kkL=k fo'ks"k :i ls lkewfgd
vko';drkvksa dh lUrqf"V ls lEcfU/r gSA blesa ge mu vk£Fkd leL;kvksa dk vè;;u djrs gSa tks jkT; vFkok
lkoZtfud {ks=k esa mBrh gSa] tSls futh vkSj lkoZtfud {ks=kksa osQ chp lk/uksa dk foHkktu fdl izdkj fd;k tkrk
gS rFkk lkoZtfud {ks=k osQ vUrxZr ljdkjh O;; osQ fofHkUu lkè;ksa dh lUrqf"V osQ fy, lk/uksa dk vkoaVu oSQls
fd;k tkrk gSA¸
Li"V gS fd yksd foÙk ;k jkt foÙk (Public Finance) fofHkUu ljdkjksa dh vk; ,oa O;; osQ rjhdksa ,oa
lek;kstu ls lEcfU/r leL;kvksa dk vè;;u djrk gSA yksd fudk; (public bodies) ftu jhfr;ksa ls viuk
/u [kpZ djrs gSa rFkk ftu mik;ksa ls vk; rFkk Í.k izkIr djrs gSa] mu mik;ksa o jhfr;ksa dks gh yksd foÙk dh
fØ;kvksa dk uke fn;k tkrk gSA ;s mik; pw¡fd jktdks"k (fiscal or public treasury) dh fØ;kvksa ls lEcU/
j[krs gSa] vr% mUgsa jktdks"kh; fØ;k,a (fiscal operations) Hkh dgk tkrk gSA bl izdkj jktdks"kh; fØ;k,¡
rFkk jktdks"kh; uhfr;k¡ (fiscal policies) yksd foÙk osQ vfHkUu vax cu x;s gSaA jktdks"kh; fØ;kvksa rFkk
jktdks"kh; uhfr;ksa dk izHkko jk"Vªh; mRiknu] jk"Vªh; vk;] ns'k osQ thou&Lrj (standard of living), /u rFkk
vk; osQ forj.k rFkk eqnzk cktkj (money market) vkfn ij iM+rk gS vkSj mlls ns'k dk lEiw.kZ vk£Fkd
thou izHkkfor gksrk gSA bl izdkj] ns'k dk gj O;fDr yksd foÙk osQ mik;ksa ls lEcfU/r gksrk gSA

uksV~l jktdks"kh; uhfr;k¡ yksd foÙk osQ vfHkUu vax gSaA

1-2 yksd foÙk dk egÙo ,oa {ks=k (Importance and Scope of Public Finance)

yksd foÙk osQ egÙo ,oa {ks=k dk vè;;u ge fuEufyf[kr rhu 'kh"kZdksa osQ vUrxZr djsaxsµ
(1) jkT; osQ dk;Z]
(2) vk£Fkd thou ij jktdks"kh; fØ;kvksa dk izHkko] rFkk

(3) yksd foÙk dh fo"k; lkexzhA
(1) jkT; osQ dk;Z (Functions of the State)µizkphu vFkZ'kkL=kh pw¡fd gLRk{ksi u djus dh vcUèk uhfr
(laissez faire) esa fo'okl djrs Fks] vr% mUgksaus bl ckr dk leFkZu fd;k fd ljdkj osQ dk;ks± dh la[;k
de ls de gksuh pkfg,A lu~ 1776 esa ,Me fLeFk us ¶osYFk vkWiQ us'kUl¸ (Wealth of Nations) uked
viuh iqLrd esa jkT; osQ dk;ks± osQ lEcU/ esa loZizFke ,d ys[k fy[kkA ,Me fLeFk osQ vuqlkj] ¶,d iw.kZ
izHkqRo&lEiUu jk"Vª¸ osQ dÙkZO;kas dks fuEufyf[kr rhu oxks± esa ck¡Vk tk ldrk gSµ
(d) vU; jk"Vªksa osQ vkØe.k rFkk vU;k; osQ fo#¼ jk"Vª dks lqj{kk iznku djuk]
([k) ukxfjdksa osQ chp vkUrfjd 'kkfUr] U;k; o O;oLFkk cuk;s j[kuk] rFkk
(x) oqQN ,sls lkoZtfud dk;ks± ,oa lkoZtfud laLFkkvksa dh LFkkiuk djuk ,oa mudk lapkyu djuk] tks
;|fi lEiw.kZ lekt osQ fy, vR;f/d ykHknk;d gksa] ijUrq ftudks futh O;fDr;ksa }kjk izkjEHk djus
rFkk pykus esa mUgsa equkiQk u gksA mudk er Fkk fd ,sls lkoZtfud dk;ks± esa mu dk;ks± dks eq[; ekuk
tkuk pkfg, ftuosQ }kjk jkT; esa O;kikj o okf.kT; dh lqfo/ktud fLFkfr;k¡ mRiUu gksaA ;g rks Li"V
gh gS fd ;s rhuksa dk;Z fdlh Hkh ljdkj osQ izkjfEHkd dk;Z gSaA fdlh ,slh fLFkj jktuSfrd O;oLFkk
dh dYiuk djuk Hkh vlEHko gS ftlesa fd bu dk;ks± dks ewyHkwr dk;Z u ekuk tkrk gksA orZeku

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
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LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY