Page 14 - DECO404_PUBLIC_FINANCE_HINDI

yksd foÙk

uksV (e) ?kkVs dk foÙk izcU/ D;k gksrk gS] fdl lhek rd ?kkVs dk foÙk izcU/ fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj mlosQ
D;k izHkko gksrs gSa vFkkZr~ ?kkVs osQ foÙk izcU/ dk vFkZ] lhek rFkk izHkkoA
(f) Í.k dh okilh osQ dkSu&dkSu ls rjhosQ vkSj muesa ls gj ,d osQ D;k xq.k o nks"k gSa vFkkZr~ lkoZtfud
Í.k osQ 'kks/u osQ fl¼kUrA
(g) Í.k osQ D;k izHkko gksrs gSa\
(4) foÙkh; iz'kklu (Financial Administration)µyksd foÙk dh bl 'kk[kk osQ vUrxZr iz'kklfud
fu;U=k.k osQ mik;ksa rFkk ctV dh rS;kjh ls lEcfU/r leL;kvksa dk vè;;u rFkk fo'ys"k.k fd;k tkrk gSA
foÙkh; iz'kklu osQ vUrxZr fuEu ckrksa dk vè;;u fd;k tkrk gSµ
(a) ctV fdl izdkj rS;kj] ikl rFkk dk;kZfUor fd;k tkrk gS\
(b) fofHkUu djksa dk ,d=khdj.k fdu&fdu vf/dkfj;ksa rFkk laLFkkvksa }kjk gksrk gS\

(c) O;; foHkkxksa dk lapkyu fdl izdkj gksrk gS\
(d) lkoZtfud ys[kksa osQ fy[kus rFkk muosQ vkWfMV osQ fy, dkSu&dkSu ls foHkkx rFkk vf/dkjh gksrs gSa
rFkk muosQ D;k&D;k vf/dkj rFkk mÙkjnkf;Ro gSa\
csLVscy us jktLo osQ bl foHkkx dh vko';drk rFkk egÙo ij fo'ks"k cy fn;kA muosQ vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh foÙk
dh iqLrd iw.kZ ugha dgh tk ldrh gS tc rd fd og foÙkh; iz'kklu vkSj ctV dh leL;kvksa dk vè;;u
ugha djrhA

fo"k;&lkexzh lEcU/h vk/qfud er
vk/qfud vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa osQ erkuqlkj] yksd foÙk dh fo"k;&lkexzh osQ mijksDr pkj Hkkxksa osQ vfrfjDr fuEu nks
Hkkxksa dks Hkh lfEefyr fd;k tkuk pkfg,µ
(1) vk£Fkd fLFkjrk (Economic Stabilisation)µbl foHkkx osQ vUrxZr ;g vè;;u fd;k tkrk gS fd
orZeku esa lHkh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dk] vk£Fkd fLFkjrk] ,d eq[; mís'; gksrk gS] bldks cuk;s j[kus osQ fy,
jktdks"kh; uhfr (Fiscal policy) dks fdl izdkj ls miHkksx esa yk;k tk,\ ns'k dh jk"Vªh; vk; esa U;k;ksfpr
forj.k] dher fLFkjrk dks cuk;s j[kus osQ fy, jktdks"kh; uhfr ,d egÙoiw.kZ vL=k ekuk tkus yxk gSA bldh
lgk;rk ls ns'k dh mRiknu fØ;kvksa dk fu;eu djosQ vk£Fkd fLFkjrk LFkkfir dh tk ldrh gSA
(2) vk£Fkd o`f¼ (Economic Growth)µoqQN fo}kuksa dk dguk gS fd vk£Fkd fLFkjrk dh leL;k ewyHkwr
:i ls fodflr ns'kksa dh gksrh gSA fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa rks eq[; leL;k vk£Fkd o`f¼ dh gksrh gSA ,slh fLFkfr
esa bu ns'kksa esa vk;] cpr] fuos'k ,oa iw¡th&fuekZ.k esa o`f¼ djus dh vko';drk gksrh gS tks jktdks"kh; midj.kksa
osQ iz;ksx ls gh lEHko gks ldrk gSA bl lEcU/ esa izfl¼ vFkZ'kkL=kh izks- jSxuj uoZQls (R. Nurkse) dk dguk
Bhd izrhr gksrk gS] ¶esjk vVwV fo'okl gks pqdk gS vYi&fodflr ns'kksa esa iw¡th&fuekZ.k dh leL;k dks gy djus
osQ fy, yksd foÙk dks ,d uk;d dk LFkku izkIr gqvk gSA¸ bl izdkj Li"V gS fd fu;ksftr fodkl esa jktdks"kh;
uhfr] tksfd yksd foÙk dh fo"k;&lkexzh dk vax gS] dk vè;;u vko';d gSA

yksd foÙk dk {ks=k rFkk bldh fo"k;&lkexzh fLFkj ugha gS] D;ksafd jkT; dh /kj.kk (concept)] jkT; osQ dk;ks±
rFkk vFkZ'kkL=k dh leL;kvksa esa ifjorZu gksus osQ lkFk gh lkFk bldk Hkh fujUrj foLrkj gksrk tk jgk gSA

mnkgj.kµ lu~ 1930 dh xEHkhj vk£Fkd eUnh rFkk ^jkstxkj dk lkekU; fl¼kUr* uked dhUl osQ ys[k us bl ckr
dks igys gh Li"V dj fn;k Fkk fd ns'k esa vk£Fkd fLFkjrk ykus o mls cuk;s j[kus esa jktdks"kh;
dk;Zokfg;ksa dk fdruk vf/d egÙo gSA vktdy ljdkjh vk;] ljdkjh [kpZ rFkk ljdkjh m/kj esa
o`f¼ rFkk jkT; osQ vk£Fkd o lkekftd mÙkjnkf;Roksa esa fujUrj o`f¼ gks jgh gSA izfrj{kk ,oa
yksd&iz'kklu dh fuR; ubZ&ubZ leL;k,¡ mRiUu gks jgh gSaA bu lHkh rRoksa osQ dkj.k yksd foÙk dk {ks=k
Hkh cjkcj foLr`r gksrk tk jgk gSA

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