Page 16 - DECO404_PUBLIC_FINANCE_HINDI

yksd foÙk

uksV O;fDr loZizFke viuh vk; ij fopkj djrk gS vkSj mlosQ ckn og ml [kpZ dh ek=kk dk fu/kZj.k djrk gS
tks fd mls miHkksx dh fofHkUu enksa ij O;; djuk gksrk gSA ,slk gksus dk dkj.k ;g gS fd yksd&lÙkk rks viuh
vk; dks viuh vko';drkvksa osQ vuqlkj ?kVk&c<+k ldrh gS] fdUrq fdlh O;fDr dh vk; esa ,slh ypd ugha
ikbZ tkrhA izks- MkYVu us bl ckr dks bu 'kCnksa esa O;Dr fd;k gS fd] ¶O;fDr rks viuh vk; osQ vuqlkj gh
vius O;; dk lek;kstu (adjustment) djrk gS fdUrq yksd&lÙkk vius O;; osQ vuqlkj viuh vk; dks
lek;ksftr djrh gSA¸ fdUrq ;g dFku Hkh oqQN lhekvksa rd gh lR; gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ;fn fdlh O;fDr
osQ nkf;Roksa ,oa [kpks± esa o`f¼ gksrh gS rks og Hkh viuh vk; dks c<+kus dk iz;Ru dj ldrk gS vkSj nwljh vksj]
dksbZ ljdkj ;k vU; yksd&lÙkk (Public authority) Hkh vius [kpks± dks vfuf'pr lhek rd ugha c<+k
ldrhA mls Hkh ;g ns[kuk gksrk gS fd ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk dks gkfu igq¡pk;s fcuk og fdruh vk; izkIr dj
ldrh gSA vr% dHkh&dHkh rks ljdkj dks lk/uksa osQ vHkko osQ dkj.k vius O;; dks de djuk iM+ tkrk gSA

(2) vfuok;Zrk dk y{k.k (Compulsory Character)µfiQ.Mys f'kjkt osQ vuqlkj] ¶ljdkjh O;; dk
,d vU; y{k.k gS] blesa ik;k tkus okyk vfuok;Zrk dk rRoA¸ oqQN O;; ,sls gksrs gSa ftUgsa jkT; LFkfxr ;k
misf{kr ugha dj ldrk] fdUrq O;fDr dh fLFkfr esa ,slk djuk lEHko gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] izfrj{kk rFkk yksd
iz'kklu vkfn ij fd;k tkus okyk O;; vfuok;Z izÑfr dk gksrk gSA blh izdkj] jkT; yksxksa dks bl ckr osQ fy,
ckè; dj ldrk gS fd os diM+s] vukt rFkk vU; oLrqvksa dh fdlh fo'ks"k fdLe dk gh iz;ksx djsa] bu oLrqvksa
dks ljdkj }kjk fu/kZfjr nkeksa ij gh [kjhnsa rFkk ljdkj }kjk fu/kZfjr njksa ls dj vnk djsaA fdUrq izkbosV O;fDr
;k O;kolkf;d iQeZ vkfn ,slk ugha dj ldrsA ;gh ugha] ifjfLFkfr;k¡ Hkh O;fDr dks bl ckr osQ fy, ckè;
dj ldrh gSa fd os Hkkstu] U;wure oL=k rFkk edku vkfn dh enksa ij oqQN fo'ks"k ek=kk esa gh [kpZ djsa rFkk
oqQN fo'ks"k fdLe ;k uewus osQ gh diM+s [kjhnsa o igusaA bu lc ekeyksa esa og bu osQoy viuh #fp] Lokn rFkk
ilUn (choice) ls gh izsfjr gksrk gS cfYd oLrqvksa dh miyC/rk rFkk lekt osQ okrkoj.k ls Hkh izHkkfor
gksrk gSA
(3) le&lhekUr rqf"Vxq.k fu;e (Principle of Equi-marginal Utility)µvf/dre lUrqf"V izkIr
djus osQ fy,] ¶O;fDr vius [kpZ dks fofHkUu oLrqvksa rFkk lsokvksa ij bl izdkj forfjr djrk gS fd lHkh enksa
ij fd;s x, [kpks± dk lhekUr rqf"Vxq.k ;k lhekUr mi;ksfxrk (marginal utility) lc cjkcj jgs vkSj lEiw.kZ
O;; ls izkIr gksus okyk oqQy rqf"Vxq.k vf/dre gksA¸ gksuk ;g pkfg, fd fofHkUu mís';ksa o enksa osQ chp
ljdkjh [kpZ osQ forj.k ij Hkh ,slk gh fu;e ykxw gksA ijUrq ;g ns[kk tkrk gS fd ljdkj osQ eqdkcys O;fDr
bl fl¼kUr dks ykxw djus esa vf/d leFkZ gksrk gSA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd O;fDr viuh bPNk dh [kpZ dh
enksa dk pquko djus esa vf/d LorU=k gksrk gS] tcfd ljdkj bruh LorU=k ugha gksrhA lkekU;r% O;fDr osQ [kpZ
djus ;k u djus dk iSekuk ;g gksrk gS fd fdlh fo'ks"k [kpZ ls mls fdruk ykHk izkIr gks jgk gS --- fdUrq ljdkj
--- bl iSekus dks vius [kpZ dk vk/kj ugha cuk ldrh] fo'ks"k :i ls izfrj{kk] dkuwu o O;oLFkk dh LFkkiuk]
f'k{kk] fu/Zuksa dh lgk;rk vkfn osQ ekeyksa ij fd;s tkus okys [kpZ esaA Li"V gS fd jkT; osQ bu [kpks± osQ ekeys
esa dksbZ LorU=krk izkIr ugha gksrhA dHkh&dHkh rks ljdkj ij bl ckr osQ fy, ncko Mkyk tkrk gS fd og oqQN
fo'ks"k enksa ij gh /u O;; djs] tcfd ncko osQ vHkko dh fLFkfr esa lEHko gS ljdkj ,slk djuk ilUn u
djrhA ,slk rc gh gksrk gS tcfd ns'k esa oqQN fufgr LokFkZ okys oxZ ;k O;fDr vf/d 'kfDr'kkyh cudj ljdkj
dh vkykspuk djus rFkk ml ij ncko Mkyus dh fLFkfr esa vk tkrs gSaA ifj.kke ;g gksrk gS fd vko';d enksa
ij ljdkj osQ [kpsZ c<+ tkrs gSaA
(4) ctV dh izÑfr (Nature of Budget)µO;fDr lk/kj.kr;k cs'kh osQ ctV (surplus budget) esa
vFkkZr vk; ls de [kpZ djus esa fo'okl djrk gS vkSj ?kkVs osQ ctV (deficit budget) dks vFkkZr vk; ls
vf/d [kpZ djus dh uhfr dks mfpr rFkk okaNuh; ugha le>rkA ijUrq ljdkj ;k vU; dksbZ yksd&lÙkk o"kks±
rd ?kkVs dk ctV cukuk ykHknk;d le> ldrh gS] fo'ks"k :i ls vk£Fkd fodkl rFkk ;q¼ dh vof/;ksa esa
O;fDr }kjk cs'kh ctV cukuk cM+k vPNk ekuk tkrk gS vkSj bl dk;Z dks mldk ,d O;fDrxr xq.k le>k tkrk

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