Page 20 - DECO404_PUBLIC_FINANCE_HINDI

yksd foÙk

uksV LFkwy :i esa dgk tk ldrk gS fd ;fn eqnzkLiQhfr vf/d c<+ xbZ gks rks mldk bykt gS cs'kh dk ctV
(surplus budget)_ vkSj ;fn eqæk voLiQhfr vf/d c<+ xbZ gks rks ?kkVs dk ctV (Deficit budget)

cukdj mldk bykt fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;fn eqnzkLiQhfr osQ vHkko dh fLFkfr ykuh gS rks og vko';d gS fd
lHkh ljdkjh rFkk xSj&ljdkjh) ubZ cprksa dh oqQy ewY; lHkh (ljdkjh rFkk xSj&ljdkjh) u;s fuos'kksa osQ ewY;
osQ cjkcj gksA ;fn cprsa (savings) fuos'k (investment) ls de gksaxh rks eqnzkLiQhfr mRiUu gksxh vkSj dhersa
c<+sxhA blosQ foijhr] ;fn cprsa fuos'k ls vf/d gkasxh rks mlls eqnzk voLiQhfr mRiUu gksxh] dhersa fxjus yxsaxh
vkSj csjkstxkjh c<+us yxsxhA
tSls gh jkstxkj vk; esa o`f¼ gksrh gS] ubZ cprksa osQ ysus osQ fy, u;k fuos'k Hkh vo'; c<+rk gSA ijUrq vk;
osQ c<+us osQ lkFk&lkFk yksxksa dh miHkksx&izo`fÙk vFkkZr~ miHkksx osQ izfr #>ku (propensity to consume)

mruk ugha c<+rk fd ftruh vk; c<+rh gSA iQyr% miHkksx] vk; c<+us dh xfr osQ lkFk&lkFk ugha c<+ ikrkA
bldk ifj.kke ;g gksrk gS fd cprsa vf/d c<+ tkrh gSa vkSj leFkZ ek¡x (effective demand) ?kV tkrh gS]
vkSj leFkZ ek¡x ?kVus osQ iQyLo:i csjkstxkjh mRiUu gks tkrh gSA ;g og fLFkfr gS ftlesa yksd foÙk osQ egÙo
dk irk pyrk gSA bl fLFkfr esa jkT; lM+dksa] jsyksa tuksi;ksxh m|eksa rFkk m|ksxksa osQ fuos'k ij ljdkjh /u O;;
djosQ leFkZ ek¡x esa o`f¼ dj ldrk gSA ljdkj }kjk bl izdkj fuos'k fd;k tkus okyk /u yksxksa ls m/kj fy;k
tk ldrk gS_ vkSj yksxksa }kjk ljdkj dks m/kj fn;k x;k ;g /u] gks ldrk gS mlh vk; dk Hkkx gks ftls fd
yksxksa us miHkksx dh oLrqvksa ij O;; u djosQ udn :i esa vius ikl j[k fy;k gksA ljdkj ?kkVs dh foÙk
O;oLFkk }kjk mRiUu eqnzk esa ls Hkh fuos'k osQ fy, /u ys ldus dh vPNh fLFkfr esa gksrh gSA blls og oqQy
O;; dh ml deh dks iwjk dj nsrh gS tks fd yksxksa dh mu cprksa }kjk mRiUu gqbZ Fkh tks fd fuos'k osQ fy,
miyCèk ugha gks ldh FkhA izkphu vFkZ'kkL=kh ljdkjh O;; osQ bl egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku dks dHkh ugha le> losaQA
mUgkssaus rks lnk gh vk£Fkd fØ;kvksa esa ljdkjh gLr{ksi dk fojks/ fd;k vkSj dgk fd jkT; vk£Fkd fØ;kvksa
osQ Lrj dks Å¡pk ugha mBk ldrkA blh izdkj] izkphu vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa us ?kkVs dh foÙk O;oLFkk rFkk ljdkjh m/kj
dk Hkh fojks/ fd;k] tcfd vk/qfud vFkZ'kkL=kh vk£Fkd fLFkjrk ykus vFkok vk£Fkd izxfr dks rst djus osQ
fy, mUgsa yksd foÙk osQ egÙoiw.kZ mik;ksa dh Js.kh esa j[krs gSaA

1-5-4 djk/ku rFkk leU;k;iw.kZ forj.k (Taxation and Equitable Distribution)

izkphu vFkZ'kkL=kh bl ckr dk leFkZu ugha djrs Fks fd djk/ku dk mi;ksx vk; dks /uh yksxksa osQ ikl ls fu/Zuksa
dh vksj dks LFkkukUrfjr djus osQ ,d vL=k osQ :i esa fd;k tk;s] fdUrq yksd foÙk dh vk/qfud /kj.kk osQ
vUrxZr] djk/ku dks vk; dh vlekurkvksa dks de djus rFkk lkekftd U;k; esa o`f¼ djus dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ
lk/u ekuk tkrk gSA blosQ vfrfjDr] izkphu vFkZ'kkL=kh /fudksa osQ eqdkcys fu/Zuksa ij gh dj yxkus gks mfpr
le>rs Fks vkSj izR;{k djksa osQ eqdkcys os ijks{k djksa dk gh leFkZu djrs FksA fdUrq vk/qfud vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa dk
er gS fd mu yksxksa ij gh dj yxk;k tkuk pkfg, ftuesa fd cpr djus dh lkeF;Z gS vkSj mu yksxksa ij ugha]
tks fd cspkjs oLrqvksa osQ miHkksx osQ fy, gh cspSu gSaA vU; 'kCnksa esa] mudk er gS fd fuèkZuksa dh vis{kk /fudksa
ij dj yxk;k tk;sA ;gh ugha] izkphu vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa osQ fo#¼] vk/qfud vFkZ'kkL=kh vkjksgh rFkk izR;{k djk/ku
(progressive and direct taxation) dj leFkZu bl mís'; ls djrs gSa rkfd budk mi;ksx ljdkjh vk;
dks ,d=k djus rFkk ns'k esa vk; dk leU;k;iw.kZ forj.k djus osQ ,d vL=k osQ :i esa fd;k tk losQA vuqik£tr
vk; (unearned income) dks pw¡fd lkekftd n`f"V ls vokaNuh; ekuk tkrk gS] vr% ljdkj }kjk ;g iz;kl
fd;k tkrk gS fd vuqik£tr vk; dk ,d Hkkx izR;{k djksa (e`R;q dj rFkk ykWVfj;ksa vkfn ij dj) osQ }kjk ys
fy;k yk,] fdUrq izkphu vFkZ'kkL=kh bldk Hkh leFkZu ugha djrs FksA ijks{k dj yksd foÙk esa vR;Ur egÙoiw.kZ
;ksxnku djrs gSaA fdUrq vk/qfud vFkZ'kkL=kh bl ckr dks mfpr ugha le>rs fd miHkksx dh gj oLrq ij dj
yxk fn;k tk,A blosQ foijhr] mudk er gS fd miHkksx dh osQoy mUgha oLrqvksa ij dj yxk;k tk,

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
14 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY