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yksd foÙk
uksV dkyZ ekDlZ] tkWtZ cukZMZ 'kkW rFkk flMuh osc us O;fDrxr iz;klksa osQ LFkku ij jktdh; iz;kl o gLr{ksi dks
egÙo iznku fd;k gSA
yksd foÙk osQ vè;;u osQ egÙo esa o`f¼ dk ,d dkj.k ;g Hkh gSS fd ns'k dh lkoZtfud foÙk O;oLFkk dk
izR;sd vax ij izHkko iM+rk gSSA lkoZtfud foÙk dk dk;Z ljdkj osQ fy, osQoy foÙk ,df=kr djuk gh ugha
gSµvc mls lkekftd U;k; fnykus] vk£Fkd fLFkjrk cuk;s j[kus] iw.kZ jkstxkj dh fLFkfr izkIr djus rFkk vk£Fkd
fodkl dks c<+kok nsus dk Hkh ,d 'kfDr'kkyh lk/u le>k tkrk gSA fodkl'khy ns'kksa osQ vk£Fkd fodkl esa
Hkh yksd foÙk dk egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku gksrk gSA vr% Li"V gS fd vc ljdkj vk£Fkd fo"k;ksa esa vR;f/d gLr{ksi
djus yxh gSA
D;k vki tkurs gSa 1930 dh egkeUnh osQ dkj.k yksd foÙk dks vR;f/d egÙo iznku fd;k x;kA
la{ksi esa ge yksd foÙk osQ egÙo dk fuEufyf[kr 'kh"kZdksa osQ vUrxZr vè;;u dj ldrs gSµ
(1) lk/uksa osQ forj.k esa egÙo]
(2) vk; vkSj lEifÙk osQ forj.k eas egÙo]
(3) vk£Fkd fLFkjrk osQ LkUnHkZ esa egÙo rFkk
(4) vk£Fkd fodkl gsrq lk/u tqVkus esa egÙoA
(1) lk/uksa osQ forj.k esa egÙo (Importance of Publilc Finance in Allocation of Resources)µ
lk/uksa osQ forj.k ls vk'k; buosQ loZJs"B pquko ls gS ftlls Li"V gksrk gS fd lekt dh Hkwfe] Je] iw¡thxr
oLrqvksa o vU; lk/uksa dk fdl izdkj iz;ksx fd;k tk;sµ fdu oLrqvksa dk mRiknu fdruh ek=kk esa fd;k tk;s
rFkk mRiknu dh fdu&fdu jhfr;ksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tk;s] bR;kfnA izR;sd ns'k osQ ikl fuf'pr ek=kk esa vk£Fkd
lk/u miyC/ gksrs gSaA buesa izkÑfrd lk/u] tSlsµHkwfe] ou] [kfut lEink o 'kfDr Ïksr vkfn Hkh lfEefyr
fd;s tkrs gsSaA izkÑfrd lk/uksa osQ fo"k; esa ;g mYys[kuh; gS fd budh miyfC/ ek=k ls gh fdlh ns'k osQ
vk£Fkd fodkl dk Lrj Å¡pk ugha gks tkrk vfirq vk£Fkd fodkl gsrq bu lk/uksa dk fonksgu Hkh vko';d gSA
buosQ vfrfjDr fdlh ns'k osQ izkÑfrd o ekuoh; lalk/uksa osQ }kjk Ñf"k m|ksx] ;krk;kr o O;kikj vkfn vk£Fkd
fØ;kvksa dk lapkyu gksrk gSA ;gh ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk osQ vax gSaA bUgha ij lEiw.kZ vFkZO;oLFkk fuHkZj djrh gSA
Li"V gS fd vk£Fkd fØ;kvksa dk eq[; mís'; miyC/ lk/uksa dk cqf¼eÙkkiw.kZ rjhosQ ls mfpr fonksgu djuk
gSA bldk Kku fuEu fooj.k ls Hkh gks ldrk gSµ
(i) vk£Fkd lajpuk dk fodkl (Development of Economic Structure)µljdkj viuh ctV uhfr
}kjk vk£Fkd lajpuk osQ fodkl gsrq /u dh O;oLFkk dj ldrh gSA blosQ vUrxZr jsyos] fo|qr] lM+d] ;krk;kr]
LowQy] vLirky] cgqís';h; ;kstukvksa vkfn dk fodkl vkrk gSA blosQ vHkko esa vk£Fkd izxfr O;ofLFkr :i
ls ugha gks ldrh ijUrq bu ;kstukvksa ij cM+h ek=kk esa iw¡th dh vko';drk gksrh gSA ijUrq buosQ 'kh?kz o izR;{k
izfriQy dh Hkh vk'kk ugha dh tk ldrhA vr% O;fDrxr m|eh bl izdkj osQ fofu;ksxksa esa #fp ugha j[krsA vr%
jkT; dk dÙkZO; gS fd og vk£Fkd lajpuk osQ Hkkj dks ogu djs] iw¡th fuekZ.k dh nj dks rhoz djs o Hkkj
ferO;f;rkvksa dks mRiUu djsA
(ii) tula[;k o`f¼ dh nj (Rate of Population Growth)µnqzr vk£Fkd fodkl rHkh lEHko gks ldrk
gS tc tula[;k oqf¼ nj dh vis{kk jkstxkj osQ voljksa vkSj vk; eas o`f¼ dh nj cgqr vf/d gksA vr% ljdkj
viuh jktdks"kh; uhfr esa ifjokj fu;kstu ij vf/d egÙo nsrs gq, tula[;k dks fu;fU=kr djrh gSA
(iii) fiNM+s {ks=kksa dk fodkl (Development of Backward Areas)µ;fn fiNM+s {ks=kksa esa dj lEcU/h
NwVsa ,oa fj;k;rsa iznku dh tk,¡ rks ?kus cls {ks=kksa esa yxs vk£Fkd lk/uksa dks fiNM+s {ks=kksa dh vksj eksM+k tk ldrk
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18 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
