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yksd foÙk

uksV (2) vkVks ,dLVhu (Otto Eckstein) osQ vuqlkj] ¶jktLo vFkZO;oLFkk ij iM+us okys ctV osQ izHkkoksa dk
vè;;u gS fo'ks"kdj ml izHkko dk tks izeq[k vk£Fkd mís';ksa dh iw£r ij iM+rk gS tSls&fodkl] LFkkf;Ro] U;k;
,oa oqQ'kyrkA ;g ml ckr dk Hkh vè;;u gS fd D;k gksuk pkfg,A¸ 1
mijksDr ifjHkk"kkvksa ls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd jktLo okLrfod foKku osQ lkFk&lkFk ,d vkn'kZ foKku Hkh gSA
;g ljdkjh ctV osQ vk£Fkd igyqvksa dk vè;;u djrk gSA bu vk£Fkd igyqvksa dk lEcU/ vk£Fkd mís';ksa
ls gSA ;s vk£Fkd ctV }kjk izkIr fd;s tkrs gSaA
;s vk£Fkd mís'; gSaµ(1) vk£Fkd fodkl] (2) vk£Fkd LFkkf;Ro] (3) U;k; ,oa oqQ'kyrkA izks- elxzso (Prof.
Musgrave) us bu vk£Fkd mís';ksa dks rhu Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk gSµvk£Fkd LFkk;hdj.k (Economic Stabili-

sation)] vk; dk forj.k (Distribution of Income) rFkk lk/uksa dk vkoaVu (Resources Allocation)A
Li"V gS fd jktLo esa fuEu nksuksa ckrksa dk vè;;u djrs gSaµ
(a) fdl izdkj bu mís';ksa dh iw£r dh tk;s]
(b) bu mís';ksa dk iw£r djus esa ctV dh fofHkUu fØ;kvksa dh vFkZO;oLFkk ij oSQls izHkko iM+s gSaA

bl izdkj ;g Li"V gks tkrk gS fd jktLo vc osQoy okLrfod foKku (Positive Science) gh ugha gS cfYd
,d vkn'kZ foKku Hkh gSA vr% jktLo dh uohu izo`fÙk;ksa osQ ifj.kkeLo:i jktLo dk {ks=k vkSj fodflr gks
x;k gSA
4- fodflr rFkk vYifodflr ns'kksa esa yksd foÙk (Public Finance in Developed and Under-
developed Countries)µorZeku ;qx esaa lHkh ns'k cM+h rhoz xfr ls vk£Fkd mUufr djus esa yxs gSaA
vYifodflr ns'kksa esa rks vk£Fkd fodkl dh leL;k gS gh] ;g leL;k fodflr ns'kksa esa Hkh gSa] D;ksafd os vius
vk£Fkd fodkl dks fujUrj fodkl'khy cuk;s j[kuk pkgrs gSaA vktdy jk"Vªªksa dh ljdkjsa muosQ vk£Fkd thou
esa gLr{ksi djrh gSa] ftlls jk"Vª dh vk£Fkd fØ;k,¡ izHkkfor gksrh gSaA bl izdkj ns'k osQ vk£Fkd thou esa c<+rs
gq, ljdkjh gLr{ksi ls] vkt osQ ;qx esa fodflr rFkk vYifodflr ns'kksa esa jktLo dk egÙo Hkh fujUrj c<+
jgk gSA

1-6-2 fodflr ns'k ,oa yksd foÙk
(Developed Countries and Public Finance)

fodflr ns'kksa osQ vk£Fkd fodkl dh xfr rhoz gksus ij rFkk ogk¡ osQ ukxfjdksa dk thou&Lrj Å¡pk gksus ij Hkh
ogk¡ yksd foÙk dk i;kZIr egÙo jgrk gSA jktLo&uhfr;k¡ ljdkj dh foÙkh; uhfr;ksa osQ :i esa izdV gksrh gSaA
buls fodflr ns'kksa dh vFkZO;oLFkk izHkkfor gksrh gSA fodflr ns'k dh eq[; leL;k gksrh gSµns'k osQ vk£Fkd
thou&Lrj dks fLFkj cuk;s j[kukA fodflr ns'k osQ vUrxZr yksd foÙkh; xfr;ksa dk mís'; vk£Fkd fodkl dks
izkIr djuk ugha gksrkA vkFkZj fLeFkht (Arther Smithies) us vesfjdk osQ lEcU/ esa viuk er O;Dr djrs
gq, dgk gSµ¶foÙkh; uhfr dk izeq[k mís'; oqQy ek¡x ij fu;U=k.k djuk gksrk gS vkSj ;g futh {ks=k osQ fy,
oSdfYid iz;ksxksa osQ chp lk/uksa osQ forj.k osQ blosQ ijEijkxr dk;Z dks NksM+ nsrh gSA¸
fodflr ns'kksa esa vk£Fkd fodkl osQ vk£Fkd mPpkopu vkrs jgrs gSaA blfy, ljdkj ;g iz;kl djrh gS fd
tu&Ø;&'kfDr (Purchasing power) dks fu;fU=kr j[kdj vk£Fkd fLFkjrk cuh jgsA

bl izdkj fodflr ns'kksa esa vk£Fkd fLFkjrk cuk;s j[kus esa yksd foÙk vrho egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA oqQy
ek¡x osQ fu;U=k.k }kjk vk£Fkd fLFkjrk LFkkfir dh tk ldrh gSA oqQy ek¡x lkoZtfud O;;] miHkksx rFkk fofu;ksx
}kjk izHkkfor gksrh gSA yksd foÙk dh uhfr;ksa }kjk oqQy ek¡x dks izR;{k ,oa vizR;{k :i ls izHkkfor fd;k tk

1. “Public Finance is the study of the affects of budgets on the economy particularly the effect on
the achievement of the major economic objectives —growth, stability, equality and efficiency.”
It is also the study of “What ought to be.”

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