Page 18 - DECO404_PUBLIC_FINANCE_HINDI

yksd foÙk

uksV

VkLd yksd foÙk vkSj futh foÙk esa vUrj Li"V djsaA

1-5-3 yksd foÙk dh izo`fÙk;k¡ (Trends in Public Finance)

lkekU; vk£Fkd fl¼kUr (General Economic Theory) us yksd foÙk dh fopkj/kjk rFkk jktdh;
dk;Zokfg;ksa dks lnk izHkkfor fd;k gSA yksd foÙk dh izkphu fopkj/kjk laLFkkid vk£Fkd fl¼kUr (Classical
Economic Theory) ij vkèkkfjr Fkh ijUrq ckn esa bl fl¼kUr esa vusd ØkfUrdkjh ifjorZu gksrs jgs gSaA vUr
esa vk/qfud vk£Fkd fl¼kUr dk izfriknu gqvk ftls ^dhUl dk iw.kZ jkstxkj dk lkekU; fl¼kUr (Keyne's
General Theory of Full Employment) dgk tkrk gSA bl fl¼kUr osQ dkj.k yksd foÙk dh izkphu
/kj.kk esa Hkh ifjorZu gks x;k gSA

uksV~l yksd foÙk osQ vk/qfud fl¼kUr dk izfriknd dhUl dks ekuk tkrk gSA

ifj.kkeLo:i orZeku ;qx esa yksd foÙk rFkk jktdks"kh; dk;Zokfg;ksa ij vFkZO;oLFkk esa u;s&u;s ;ksxnku djus
dk mÙkjnkf;Ro vk x;k gSA
1- izkphu ;k laLFkkid fl¼kUr (Classical Theory)µizkphu vk£Fkd fl¼kUr dh ekU;rk Fkh fd iw£r
(supply) viuh ek¡x (demand) Lo;a mRiUu dj ysrh gSA vr% dHkh Hkh dksbZ cM+h csjkstxkjh vFkok
vR;qRiknu (over production) dh fLFkfr mRiUu ugha gks ldrhA ;g fl¼kUr iw.kZ jkstxkj vFkkZr lk/uksa osQ
iw.kZ mi;ksx dks ekU;rk nsrk gSA roZQ ;g gS fd ;fn Je xfr'khy gS vkSj etnwfj;k¡ ypdnkj (flexible) gSa rks
futh m|e }kjk lk/uksa dk iw.kZ mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj ;g fd csjkstxkjh (unemployment ) Je
dh vxfr'khyrk (immobility) rFkk etnwfj;ksa dh ykspghurk vFkok vifjorZu'khyrk osQ dkj.k mRiUu gksrh
gSA izkphu vFkok laLFkkid vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa (classical economists) dk er Fkk fd ,d O;fDr dk O;; nwljs
O;fDr dh vk; gksrh gS] ijUrq mudk ;g Hkh dguk Fkk fd fdlh ,d O;fDr osQ O;; esa deh gksus ls vU;
O;fDr dh vk; esa deh ugha gksxh] D;ksafd [kpZ de djosQ og tks /u cpk;sxk og Lo;eso fuos'k (Invert)

dj fn;k tk;sxk vFkkZr~ iw¡thxr oLrqvksa osQ m|ksxkas ij O;; gks tk;sxkA vr% ,d O;fDr osQ [kpZ esa deh gksus
osQ ifj.kkeLo:i nwljs O;fDr dh vk; esa deh ugha gksxhA bldk vFkZ ;g gS fd izHkkoh ;k leFkZ ek¡x
(effective demand) esa dksbZ deh ugha gksxhA
yksd foÙk dk izkphu fl¼kUr (classical theory) izkphu lkekU; vk£Fkd fl¼kUr ij gh vk/kfjr gSA blosQ
vuqlkj futh m|e (Private enterprises) iw.kZ jkstxkj osQ fo"k; esa vk'oLr jgrs gSa vkSj jkT; vk£Fkd
fØ;kvksa dk Lrj Å¡pk djus esa vleFkZ gksrk gSA ;fn ljdkj djk/ku (taxation) osQ }kjk viuk [kpZ c<+krh
gS rks bldk vFkZ osQoy ;gh gksxk fd [kpZ izkbosV O;fDr osQ gkFkksa esa ls fudydj ljdkj osQ gkFkksa esa vk x;k
gS fdUrq mlls mRiknu osQ {ks=k dh oqQy ek¡x esa o`f¼ ugha gksxhA ;fn ljdkj m/kj ysdj vius [kpZ esa o`f¼
djrh gS rks bldk vFkZ osQoy izkbosV O;fDr;ksa ls izfr;ksfxrk djuk gh gksxk vkSj blls dherksa esa o`f¼ gksxh rFkk
eqnzkLiQhfr c<+sxhA bldk vFkZ ;g gS fd izkphu vFkZ'kkL=kh lUrqfyr ctV esa fo'okl djrs FksA dj pw¡fd lnk
gh cprksa ij oqQN u oqQN izHkko Mkyrs gSa] vr% futh cprksa esa deh osQ iQyLo:i futh fuos'k (private
investment) dk Lrj Hkh fxj ldrk gSA Li"V gS fd dj (taxes) iw¡th osQ lap; ij izfrowQy izHkko Mkyrs
gSaA vr% mudk fo'okl Fkk fd NksVk ctV gh loksZÙke ctV gSA lcls vf/d vokaNuh; dj os gSa tks futh cprksa
ij vf/d cks> Mkyrs gSa tSls e`R;q dj] vfrfjDr dj (super tax) rFkk O;olk; dj rFkk vis{kkÑr le`¼ksa
ij iM+us okys izR;{k dj nwljh vksj] ijks{k dj (indirect taxes) pw¡fd miHkksx ij izHkko Mkyrs gSa] vr%
vk£Fkd n`f"Vdks.k ls mUgsa gkfujfgr ekuk tk ldrk gS] ;|fi lkekftd n`f"V ls os Hkh vokaNuh; gksrs gSaA bldk

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