Page 17 - DECO404_PUBLIC_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—1% yksd foÙk dk vFkZ ,oa {ks=k

gS D;ksafd osQoy cpr }kjk gh dksbZ iw¡th dk laxzg dj ldrk gS rFkk /uoku cu ldrk gS] ijUrq ljdkj osQ uksV
cs'kh osQ ctV dk vFkZ gSµmPp Lrj dk djk/ku ;k fuEu Lrj dk ljdkjh O;;] fdUrq lkekU; n'kkvksa esa]
ljdkj osQ fy, cs'kh ;k ?kkVs osQ ctV dks ugha] vfirq lUrqfyr ctV (balanced budget) dks vPNk le>k
tkrk gSA
(5) lk/uksa dh izÑfr (Nature of Resources)µO;fDr dh vk; izkIr djus osQ lk/u U;wukf/d :i ls
lhfer gh gksrs gSa fdUrq ljdkj osQ lk/u O;kid gksrs gSaA ljdkj ;k yksd&lÙkk vko';drk iM+us ij lkekU;
turk ls rFkk fons'kksa ls m/kj ys ldrh gS] fdUrq O;fDr osQ fy, ,slk djuk vkerkSj ij lEHko ugha gksrkA
ljdkj ?kkVs dh foÙk O;oLFkk (deficit financing) dk vkJ; ys ldrh gS] vFkkZr~ viuh vk; c<+kus osQ fy,
uksV Nki ldrh gS] ijUrq dksbZ Hkh O;fDr ,slk ugha dj ldrkA yksd&lÙkk (public authority) ,slk dkuwu
cuk ldrh gS fd ftlls ykHknk;d O;olk; rFkk O;kikj dks vk; c<+kus osQ mís'; ls og vius gkFkksa esa ys
losQ] mnkgj.k osQ fy,] og futh ifjogu (private transport ) rFkk futh Fkksd O;kikj dk jk"Vªh;dj.k dj
ldrh gSA ljdkj lkekU; turk ls /u izkIr djus osQ fy, cy&iz;ksx osQ rjhosQ (coercive method) Hkh
viuk ldrh gS fdUrq O;fDr ,slk ugha dj ldrkA
(6) O;; osQ mís'; dk iz;kstu (Motive of Expenditure)µO;kolkf;d lkSnksa esa izkbosV O;fDr dk
loZizFke mís'; ykHk izkIr djuk gksrk gSA ijUrq blosQ foijhr yksd fudk;ksa (Public bodies) osQ lkSns ykHk
osQ mís'; ls ugha] cfYd tu&dY;k.k osQ mís'; ls izsfjr gksrs gSaA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] vusd lsokvksa tSls fd turk
dk LokLF;] fpfdRlk lqfo/k,¡] f'k{kk] lkekftd lqj{kk dh dk;Zokfg;k¡ rFkk tyiw£r vkfn dks O;kolkf;d n`f"V
ls ykHkizn ugha ekuk tkrk fdUrq ukxfjdksa osQ dY;k.k dh n`f"V ls mUgsa vR;ko';d le>k tkrk gS vkSj blh
dkj.k yksd fudk;ksa }kjk ,slh lsokvksa rFkk lqfo/kvksa dh O;oLFkk dh tkrh gSA
(7) nh?kZdkyhu n`f"Vdks.k (Long Term Consideration)µizkbosV O;fDr ;k dEifu;k¡ mu O;kolkf;d
{ks=kksa esa vf/d mnkjrk ls /u yxkrh gSa ftuesa fd 'kh?kz izfriQy (returns) izkIr gksus dh vko';drk gksrh
gS fdUrq ftu U;kolkf;d {ks=kksa eas ukeek=k dk gh izfriQy izkIr gksrk gS vkSj og Hkh dkiQh nsj ls] izkbosV iw¡th
muesa tkrs gq, tjk 'kekZrh gS] ijUrq ljdkj bu fopkjksa o n`f"Vdks.kksa ls dHkh izHkkfor ugha gksrhA vr%
ljdkj ,slh ifj;kstukvksa dks Hkh vius gkFk esa ys ysrh gS] c'krsZ fd os tudY;k.k (Public welfare) dh
n`f"V ls mfpr gksaA Hkkjr esa cgq&mís';h; ty fo|qr ifj;kstukvksa (Multipurpose Hydroelectric
Projects) dk fuekZ.k bldk izR;{k mnkgj.k gSA bl izdkj] ljdkj }kjk tu&dY;k.k dh n`f"V ls vusd [kpsZ
fd;s tkrs gSa tks Hkfo"; rFkk orZeku nksuksa osQ fy, gh gksrs gSaA okLro esa ckr ;g gS fd Hkfo"; Hkh mruk gh
egÙoiw.kZ gksrk gS ftruk fd orZeku] vkSj ljdkj Hkfo"; ,oa orZeku osQ fy, [kpks± dh O;oLFkk ftl izdkj
djrh gS] ml izdkj O;fDr ugha dj ldrkA
(8) cy&iz;ksx osQ rjhosQ (Coercive Method)µljdkj ;k vU; yksd&lÙkk viuh vk; dks olwy djus
osQ fy, cy&iz;ksx osQ rjhosQ viuk ldrh gSA eku yhft, dksbZ O;fDr viuk ns; vk;&dj vnk ugha djrk
gS rks mls vnkyr }kjk nf.Mr djk;k tk ldrk gS vFkok dj&Hkkj c<+kdj mldks vk£Fkd :i ls nf.Mr fd;k
tk ldrk gSA bl izdkj] dksbZ Hkh O;fDr djksa dh vnk;xh ls badkj ugha dj ldrk c'krsZ fd os ml ij ns;
gksaA blosQ foijhr] izkbosV O;fDr rFkk O;kikjh viuh vk; izkIr djus osQ fy, ml izdkj 'kfDr dk iz;ksx ugha
dj ldrs ftl izdkj fd ljdkj djrh gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd izkbosV O;fDr;ksa rFkk O;kikfj;ksa osQ eqdkcys ljdkj
dh vk; vf/d vk'okflr (assured) gksrh gSA
(9) izpkj rFkk ys[kk&ijh{k.k (Publicity and Audit Test)µvUr esa] yksd foÙk rFkk futh foÙk dk ,d
vkSj vUrj mYys[kuh; gSA og ;g gS fd izkbosV O;fDr rks vius lHkh foÙkh; lkSnksa dks xqIr j[kuk gh ilUn djrk
gS fdUrq ljdkj vius ctV&izLrkoksa dk rFkk iapo"khZ; ;kstuk dh fofHkUu enksa esa lk/ukas osQ caVokjs dk vfèkd
ls vf/d izpkj djrh gSA blosQ vfrfjDr] yksd&fudk;ksa osQ [kkrksa dk ys[kk&ijh{k.k rFkk fujh{k.k vfuok;Z :i
ls fd;k tkrk gS fdUrq O;fDr;ksa osQ lEcU/ esa ;g lnk gh vko';d ugha gksrkA

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 11
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY