Page 12 - DECO404_PUBLIC_FINANCE_HINDI

yksd foÙk

uksV Mkyrh gSaA vr% budk mi;ksx oqQy ek¡x dks fu;fU=kr djus rFkk vFkZO;oLFkk dks fLFkj djus esa ljyrk ls fd;k
tk ldrk gSA ljdkjh O;; vFkZO;oLFkk esa fLFkjrk ykus okyh jktdks"kh; uhfr (fiscal policy) dk eq[; vkèkkj
gksrk gS vkSj mlesa ifjorZu ykdj ns'k osQ oqQy O;; dks fu;fU=kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA fdUrq bl fn'kk esa ljdkjh
O;; osQoy rHkh lfØ; gksrk gS rc ljdkj fdlh fuf'pr vof/ esa viuh vk; ls vf/d ;k de [kpZ djrh
gSA vr% mUur ns'k viuh vFkZO;oLFkk esa fLFkjrk ykus osQ fy, lnk vPNh jktdks"kh; uhfr dk gh vkJ; ysrs
gSa vkSj vk£Fkd fu;kstu osQ vU; lHkh mik;ksa esa bls gh mDr mís'; dh iw£r dk loZJs"B mik; ekurs gSaA
;|fi Åij osQ oDrO; dh Hkh oqQN lhek,¡ gSa] fiQj Hkh jk"Vªh; vk; o mRiknu esa LFkkf;Ro ykus rFkk oqQN
lhekvksa osQ vUrxZr mlesa o`f¼ djus dk ;g lokZf/d 'kfDr'kkyh rFkk ,dek=k vL=k jgk gSA ,d mUur
vFkZO;oLFkk (advanced economy) esa] tgk¡ fd izfr O;fDr vk; (per capita income) dk dkiQh vPNk
Lrj gksrk gS] jk"Vªh; vk; dh o`f¼ osQ ekxZ dh ,d eq[; ck/k ;g gksrh gS fd lk/uksa esa gksus okyh o`f¼ dh
rqyuk esa ek¡x ugha c<+rh] vr% fuos'k osQ volj de gks tkrs gaSA ek¡x gksus dk dkj.k ;g gksrk gS fd vk; c<+us
osQ lkFk&lkFk lhekUr miHkksx&izo`fÙk (Marginal propensity to consume) ?kVrh tkrh gSA vr% jk"Vªh;
vk; osQ forj.k esa ;fn vf/d lekurk ykbZ tk, rks mlls miHkksx dk;Z dks cy feyrk gS vkSj fuos'k rFkk oqQy
mRiknu esa o`f¼ gksus yxrh gSA bl izdkj mPp vk; okys vkS|ksfxd ns'k ^Å¡ph etnwjh o de ykHk* okyh
vFkZO;oLFkk dks viukdj rFkk ,slh gh vU; jktdks"kh; dk;Zokfg;ksa osQ }kjk vk; ls forj.k esa vf/dkf/d
lekurk ykdj viuh vk; rFkk yksxksa osQ thou Lrj dks dkiQh Å¡pk mBk ldrs gSaA vr% mUur ns'kksa esa vk£Fkd
fLFkjrk ykus rFkk jk"Vªh; vk; o mRiknu osQ leku ,oa U;k;iw.kZ forj.k osQ fy, yksd foÙk dh dk;Zokfg;ksa dks
cM+k egÙoiw.kZ ekuk tkrk gSA
vYifodflr ns'kksa esa Hkh] ljdkj dk eq[; y{; ;g gksrk gS fd ns'k dk rhoz xfr ls vk£Fkd fodkl gks rFkk
jk"Vªh; mRiknu dk U;k;iw.kZ forj.k (equitable distribution) gks] vkSj jktdks"kh; uhfr (fiscal policy)
bu y{;ksa dh iw£r osQ fy, egÙoiw.kZ vL=k cu ldrh gSA
jktdks"kh; uhfr ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk ij izHkko Mky ldrh gS] ,d vksj rks ;g ljdkjh vk; (Public
income) dh ek=kk esa o`f¼ djosQ ,slk dj ldrh gS vkSj nwljh vksj] ljdkjh [kpZ (public expenditure)

dh ek=kk rFkk mldh fn'kk&ifjorZu djosQA rhu egÙoiw.kZ jktdks"kh; mik;] ftuosQ }kjk fd ljdkjh [ktkus
vFkok jktdks"k osQ lk/uksa esa o`f¼ dh tk ldrh gS] ;s gSaµdjk/ku ;k djkjksi.k (taxation) turk osQ mèkkj
rFkk Í.k&izkfIr vFkok lk[k&fuekZ.kA ;g vko';d gS fd jktdks"kh; mik;ksa dk miHkksx buesa ijLij iw.kZ
rkyesy j[krs gq, fd;k tk,] rkfd yksxksa osQ vk£Fkd thou ij lkekftd dY;k.k ,oa vk£Fkd izxfr osQ :i
esa buosQ loksZÙke rFkk O;kid izHkko iM+saA
;g Hkh Li"V :i ls le> fy;k tkuk pkfg, fd bu rhuksa mik;ksa esa djk/ku gh lokZf/d egÙoiw.kZ gSA ;fn
djksa dk fu/kZj.k cqf¼eÙkk osQ lkFk fd;k tk, vkSj mudks lko/kuh osQ lkFk ykxw fd;k tk, rks djkèkku
jktdks"kh; uhfr dk vR;Ur izHkko'kkyh vL=k cu ldrk gSA fodkl osQ lkekU; dk;ZØe osQ ,d vax osQ :i
esa] djk/ku dk miHkksx fuEu y{;ksa dh izkfIr osQ fy, fd;k tk ldrk gSµ
(d) miHkksx ij jksd yxkdj ;k mlesa mlesa dVkSrh djosQ mRifÙk osQ lk/uksa dks miHkksx osQ fuos'k dh
vksj LFkkukUrfjr djukA
([k) cpr rFkk fuos'k djus osQ fy, izsj.kk o izksRlkgu nsukA
(x) lk/uksa dks turk osQ gkFkksa esa ls jkT;ksa osQ gkFkksa esa nsuk] ftlls lkoZtfud fuos'k djuk lEHko gks
losQA
(?k) vk£Fkd vlekurkvksa esa deh djukA
bl izdkj ;g Li"V gS fd ;s lHkh y{; jk"Vªh; vk; esa rhoz o`f¼ rFkk mlosQ forj.k esa lq/kj osQ vfUre y{;ksa
ls esy [kkrs gSaA vr% vYifodflr ns'kksa osQ vk£Fkd fodkl rFkk lkekftd dY;k.k dh n`f"V ls Hkh yksd foÙk
dh dk;Zokfg;ksa dk Hkkjh egÙo gSA

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
6 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY