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yksd foÙk

uksV le; esa ljdkj vk£Fkd o lkekftd y{;ksa dh iw£r osQ fy, tks dk;Z djrh gS mUgas ,Me fLeFk
osQ r`rh; oxZ osQ dk;Z dh Js.kh esa j[kk tk ldrk gSA ;gk¡ ;g ckr mYys[kuh; gS fd 18oha 'krkCnh
osQ baXyS.M eas ,Me fLeFk us Hkh ljdkjh [kpZ dh bu nks 'kk[kkvksa (vFkkZr vk£Fkd o lkekftd
y{;ksa) osQ fodkl ij tksj fn;k FkkA
fdUrq vusd vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa] tSlsµbaXyS.M esa jkscVZ vksfou (Robert Owen) vkSj tkWu LVqvkVZ fey us tks
fd laLFkkid lEiznk; (classical school) osQ vuq;k;h Fks] vcU/ uhfr osQ nks"kksa dh vksj yksxksa dk è;ku
fnyk;k vkSj ljdkjh gLr{ksi dh odkyr dhA izQk¡l esa fllkse.Mh (Sisomandi) us Hkh vcU/ uhfr
(Laissez faire) osQ fl¼kUr dh vkykspuk dh vkSj xjhcksa osQ fgrksa dh j{kk osQ fy, jktdh; fu;U=k.k dk
lq>ko fn;kA fofHkUu ns'kksa osQ lektokfn;ksa (socialists) us fdlh u fdlh :i esa mRiknu osQ lk/uksa osQ
lekthdj.k (socialization) dk blfy, lq>ko fn;k] ftlls Jfed oxZ dks izpfyr iw¡thoknh vFkZO;oLFkk
osQ 'kks"k.k ls cpk;k tk losQA lu~ 1930 dh xEHkhj vk£Fkd eUnh (Economic depression) rFkk dhUl }kjk
jkstxkj osQ lkekU; fl¼kUr dk izfriknu rks vcU/ uhfr osQ fy, ekSr dh ?k.Vh gh cu xbZA dhUl us crk;k
fd jkT; dks jktdks"kh; fØ;kvksa osQ }kjk jkstxkj esa o`f¼ djuk vkSj mls mPp Lrj ij cuk;s j[kuk lEHko gSA
bl izdkj vk£Fkd thou esa ljdkjh gLr{ksi rFkk izos'k dk leFkZu cjkcj c<+rk x;k vkSj ;g Øe vkt Hkh
pkyw gSA

fdUrq jkT; dh /kj.kk (concept) rFkk jkT; osQ dk;ks± dh :ijs[kk esa 'kuS% 'kuS% ifjorZu gksrk jgk gSA ;g ckr
vc vR;Ur O;kid :i ls Lohdkj dh tkrh gS fd jkT; dk mís'; lEiw.kZ lekt dk dY;k.k vfèkd ls vf/d
djuk gSA jkT; dh blh /kj.kk osQ iQyLo:i jkT; osQ dk;ks± dk foLrkj gqvk gS vkSj blhfy, mls fpfdRlk
lqfo/kvksa] f'k{kk] fu/Zu&lgk;rk o LokLF; j{kk rFkk vU; vusd tuksi;ksxh lsokvksa dh O;oLFkk djuh gksrh gS]
ftlls lEiw.kZ lekt osQ gh dY;k.k (welfare) esa o`f¼ dh tk losQA orZeku le; eas] jkT; dbZ izdkj ls viuh
turk dh lgk;rk djrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] og jsyksa] lM+dksa] fctyh rFkk Mkd o rkj tSlh ewyHkwr lsokvksa dh
O;oLFkk djosQ ns'k dh mRiknu 'kfDr esa o`f¼ djrk gS] og vk; osQ forj.k esa ikbZ tkus okyh vlekurkvksa dks
de djus osQ fy, vko';d ix mBkrk gS] og deh okyh oLrq osQ mRiknu rFkk forj.k ij fu;U=k.k yxkrk
gS] og vko';d inkFkks± dh dherksa dks fu;fU=kr djrk gS vkSj eqnzk&LiQhfr (inflation) rFkk eUnh
(depression) dks jksdus osQ fy, rFkk muosQ izfrdkj osQ fy, ;Fkksfpr ix mBkrk gSA ;q¼dky esa] jkT; ns'k
osQ lEiw.kZ lk/uksa ij viuk fu;U=k.k j[krk gS rFkk mUgsa fo'ks"k fn'kk esa blfy, xfr'khy djrk gS rkfd ;q¼ dk
eqdkcyk liQyrkiwoZd fd;k tk losQA
mUur ,oa fodflr ns'kksa (advanced countries) dh ljdkjsa bl ckr osQ fy, izfrc¼ vFkok opuc¼ gksrh
gSa fd os ns'k osQ jkstxkj dk ,d fLFkj ,oa O;kid Lrj cuk;s j[ksaA mudk y{; gh ;g gksrk gS fd ns'k dh
vFkZO;oLFkk (economy) ;FkklEHko iw.kZ jkstxkj osQ Lrj ij dk;Z'khy jgsA os ,sls dk;ZØeksa esa lfØ; :i ls
Hkkx ysrh gSa ftuosQ }kjk jk"Vªh; vk; esa o`f¼ gks rFkk vFkZO;oLFkk fujUrj izxfr dh vksj vxzlj jgsA tgk¡ rd
vYifodflr vFkok fodkl'khy ns'kksa (underdeveloped or developing countries) dh ljdkjksa dk
iz'u gS] os Hkh izxfr'khy vk£Fkd fodkl osQ dk;ZØeksa osQ fy, opuc¼ (committed) gksrh gSaA vr% gks
ldrk gS fd ,sls ns'k vius lEiw.kZ lk/uksa dk gh ;kstukc¼ fodkl djsaA Li"V gS fd fodflr] vYifodflr
vFkok fodkl'khy lHkh ns'kksa esa jkT; osQ dk;ks± esa Bksl o`f¼ gqbZ gS vkSj lEHkkouk ;gh gS fd ljdkj osQ nkf;Roksa
,oa ftEesnkfj;ksa esa T;ksa&T;ksa o`f¼ gksxh] oSls&oSls jkT; osQ dk;ks± esa vkSj foLrkj gksxkA gekjs ns'k dh orZeku
ifjfLFkfr;k¡ blh rF; dh iqf"V djrh gSaA gekjk ns'k ,d vYifodflr ns'k gSaA vr% fodkl&;kstukvksa dks ykxw
djus osQ fy, ljdkj T;ksa&T;ksa u;s&u;s nkf;Ro vius Åij ys jgh gS] R;ksa&R;ksa vk£Fkd thou esa mldk izos'k
c<+rk tk jgk gS vkSj mlosQ dk;ks± dh la[;k c<+rh tk jgh gSA

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
4 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY