Page 100 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

Hkkjrh; vkfFkZd uhfr

uksV 7-1 xjhch dh vo/kj.kk (Concept of Poverty)

xjhch ;k fu/Zurk dk vFkZ ml lkef;d fozQ;k ls gS ftlesa lekt dk ,d Hkkx vius thou dh cqfu;knh
vko';drkvksa dks Hkh iwjk ugha dj ldrkA tc lekt dk ,d cgqr cM+k vax&U;wure thou&Lrj ls oafpr jgrk
gS vkSj osQoy fuokZg&Lrj (Subsistence Level) ij xqtkjk djrk gS rks ;g dgk tkrk gS fd lekt esa O;kid
fu/Zurk ;k xjhch (Mass Poverty) fo|eku gSA
fu/Zurk ;k xjhch 'kCn dk iz;ksx fuEufyf[kr nks vFkks± esa fd;k tkrk gSμ
1- lkis{k xjhch (Relative Poverty)μlkis{k xjhch osQ lEcU/ esa fofHkUu oxks± ;k ns'kksa osQ fuokZg&Lrj
dh rqyuk djosQ xjhch dk irk yxk;k tk ldrk gSA ftl ns'k ;k oxZ esa yksxksa dk fuokZg&Lrj uhpk
gksrk gS] os mPp fuokZg&Lrj okys yksxksa dh rqyuk esa xjhc ekus tkrs gSaA fuokZg Lrj dks vk; ;k

miHkksx&O;; osQ :i esa ekik tkrk gSA bl n`f"V ls Hkkjrh; cgqr xjhc Bgjrs gSaA Hkkjr esa bl eki n.M
dks viuk;k tkuk roZQlaxr Hkh gS D;ksafd ;gk¡ cgqr la[;k esa yksxksa dks U;wure vkgkj ugha fey ikrk gSA
2- fujis{k xjhch (Absolute Poverty)μfujis{k fu/Zurk ls rkRi;Z ml U;wure vk; ls gS ftldh ,d
ifjokj osQ fy, vk/kjHkwr U;wure vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ gsrq vko';drk gksrh gS rFkk ftls og ifjokj
tqVk ikus esa vleFkZ gksrk gS] ml ifjokj dks xjhch dh js[kk ls uhps thou fcrk jgs dgk tkrk gSA
Hkkjr es xjhch js[kk dk vfHkizk; (Meaning of Poverty Line in India)

;kstuk vk;ksx }kjk xfBr fo'ks"kK ny ‘Task Force of Minimum Needs and Effective Consumption
Demand’ osQ vuqlkj] ¶xzkeh.k {ks=k esa izfr O;fDr 2,400 oSQyksjh izfrfnu rFkk 'kgjh {ks=k es izfrfnu rFkk
'kgjh {ks=k esa izfr O;fDr 2,100 oSQyksjh izfrfnu dk iks"k.k izkIr u djus okyk O;fDr xjhch js[kk osQ uhps
ekuk tkrk gSA¸
osQUnzh; xzkeh.k fodkl ea=kky; dh ?kks"k.kkuqlkj xjhch js[kk vc fofHkUu jkT; esa 13,900 #i;s ls 16,990 #i;s
okf"kZd rd gksxhA ik¡p lnL;ksa okyk ifjokj ;fn vius lEcfU/r jkT; osQ fy, fu/kZfjr vyksP; /ujkf'k ls de
okf"kZd vk; izkIr djrk gS] rc og xjhch js[kk osQ uhps ekuk tk;sxkA NSSO }kjk 55osa miHkksDrk nkSj ls izkIr
vk¡dM+ksa osQ vk/kj ij xjhch js[kk dk lhek dk fu/kZj.k fd;k x;k gS fd 30 fnolh; fjdkWy osQ vuqlkj vkèkkj
ij o"kZ 1999-2000 osQ fy, xzkeh.k {ks=kksa esa 27.09% ,oa 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa 23.62% rFkk lEiw.kZ ns'k osQ fy, 26.1%
dk xjhch vuqikr izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA 7 fnolh; fjdkWy osQ vuqlkj ;g vuqeku ozQe'k%24.02%, 21.59% ,oa
23.33% gSA bls ?kVkdj lu~ 2002 rd 18% rd ykus dk y{; fu/kZfjr fd;k x;k gSA

fo'ks"kK ny dk iQkewZyk (Formula of Expert Committee)
fu/Zurk js[kk osQ uhps thou ;kiu djus okys yksxksa dh igpku dk eqík fiNys oqQN le; ls fooknkLin cuk
gqvk gSA ;kstuk vk;ksx jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k laxBu (NSSO) osQ losZ{k.k osQ vk/kj ij gh fu/Zuksa dh la[;k
(fu/Zurk js[kk ls uhps osQ yksxksa dh la[;k) dk vkadyu djrk jgk gS rFkk blosQ vk/kj ij 1993-94 esa ns'k
esa 18.96 izfr'kr tula[;k fu/Zurk js[kk osQ uhps vkdfyr dh x;h Fkh ijUrq izks- Mh- Vh- ydM+okyk dh
vè;{krk esa xfBr fo'ks"kK ny us ;kstuk vk;ksx osQ bu vk¡dM+ksa dk vfo'oluh; crkrs gq, fu/Zuksa dh igpku
osQ fy, oSdfYid iQkewZys dk mi;ksx fd;k ftlosQ rgr izR;sd jkT; esa ewY; Lrj osQ vk/kj ij vyx&vyx
fu/Zurk js[kk dk fu/kZj.k fd;k x;kA vkfFkZd losZ{k.k 2000-2001 osQ vk/kj ij tks vk¡dM+s laxzghr fd;s x;s
gSa ;s o"kZ 1993-94 ls lEcfU/r gSaA N.S.S.U. osQ losZ{k.k osQ vk/kj ij 1993-94 esa 37.3% xzkeh.k {ks=k esa
xjhch o 32.4% 'kgjh {ks=k esa xjhch gSA lEiw.kZ ns'k esa 32 djksM+ O;fDr xjhch js[kk ls uhps FkkA ;kstuk vk;ksx
osQ vuqlkj iwoksZÙkj osQ lkr jkT;ksa esa xjhch vuqikr 30 ls 40% es eè; gSA Hkkjr esa xjhch js[kk ls uhps

94 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY