Page 262 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

Hkkjrh; vkfFkZd uhfr

uksV (v) viwfjr vFkZlkgkÕ; 3,230 19,320
([k) okf.kfT;d ?kkVs 4,120 23,560
(x) vfrfjDr jktLo xfreku djuk
(i) Ñf"k@¯lpkbZ osQ fy, 50 iSls izfr

bdkbZ dh olwyh 2,180 1,040
(ii)3 izfr'kr izR;k;&nj 4,960 26,510

eksVs rkSj ij ;g viwfjr vFkZlkgkÕ; jkT; fctyh cksMks± osQ okf"kZd ?kkVs dh O;k[;k djrs gSaA bl lhek rd jkT;
fctyh cksMks± osQ ?kkVs budh foÙkh; fLFkfr osQ fy, vlguh; gSaA bl lEcU/ esa] ;g vuqeku yxk;k x;k gS fd

(d) ;fn 1991 esa gq, ikoj ea=kh; lEesyu esa LohÑr 50 iSls izfr bdkbZ osQ ikoj&VSfji+Q dks ns'k Hkj esa ykxw
fd;k tk,] rks blls 540 djksM+ #i;s osQ vfrfjDr jktLo dh izkfIr gksxhA

([k) fodYi osQ :i esa] ;fn jkT; fctyh cksMZ fuf'pr 3 izfr'kr izR;k; nj (Rate of Return) vftZr djsa]
rks blls 26,510 djksM+ #i;s dk vfrfjDr jktLo izkIr gks losQxkA

O;ogkj esa] bl lEcU/ esa oqQN Hkh ugha fd;k x;k ftlls jkT; fctyh cksMks± dks vfrfjDr jktLo izkIr gks losQA
bldk urhtk ;g gqvk fd lHkh jkT; fctyh cksMks± esa Hkkjh ?kkVs ,d=k gks x, vkSj os nhokfy;k gks x,A ekSfyd
:i esa] lHkh jkT; fctyh cksMks± dh dYiuk Lok;Ùk laLFkkvksa (Autonomous organisations) osQ :i esa dh x;h
Fkh ftUgsa O;kolkf;d fo'ks"kKksa }kjk pyk;k tk, ijUrq okLro esa os jkT; ljdkj osQ foHkkx gh cu dj jg x,
gSa tks jktuSfrd gLr{ksi vkSj fu;a=k.k osQ f'kdkj cu x, gSaA LorU=krk osQ le;] cgqr ls jkT; fctyh cksMks± osQ
izeq[k ikoj IykUV fo'ks"kK ,oa bathfu;j Fks ijUrq fiNys oqQN o"kks± eas vf/drj fctyh cksMks± osQ izeq[k Hkkjrh;
iz'kklfud lsok (IAS) osQ vf/dkjh cuk fn, x, ftUgsa ikoj m|ksx dk dksbZ vuqHko ugha gS vkSj tks jktuSfrd
usr`Ro osQ vkns'kksa dk ikyu djrs gSaA ifj.kke ;g gS fd cgqr ls BsosQ ?kfV;k ikfVZ;ksa dks fn, tkrs gSa] ikoj osQ
tuu ,oa forj.k esa pksjh dh ek=kk c<+ x;h gS] fcy igqapkus vkSj olwyh esa <hy osQ dkj.k ?kkVs cnLrwj c<+rs
pys tk jgs gSaA cgqr ls vk;ksxksa ,oa lfefr;ksa us budh leL;kvksa dks vè;;u dj lq>ko fn, gSa ijUrq vHkh lqèkkj
dh fn'kk esa liQyrk izkIr ugha gqbZA
mM+hlk dh ljdkj us lcls igys jkT; ikoj {ks=k esa lq/kj djus osQ fy, jkT; fctyh cksMZ dk iquxZBu fd;k
rkfd bl {ks=k dks oqQ'ky vkSj l{ke cuk;k tk losQA mM+hlk fctyh lq/kj dkuwu (1995) osQ vuqlkj] mM+hlk
osQ fctyh cksMZ dks rhu i`FkoQ fuxeksa ls foLFkkfir dj fn;kμmM+hlk fxzM fuxe] mM+hlk ty fo|qr 'kfDr fuxe
vkSj mM+hlk ikoj tuu fuxeA mM+hlk esa ;g iz;kl fd;k x;k gS fd fctyh osQ forj.k dks futh dEifu;ksa
(Private companies) dks lkSai fn;k tk, vkSj futhdj.k izfrLi`¼h cksyh osQ vk/kj ij fd;k tk,A vkaèkz izns'k
ljdkj us Hkh 1999 esa fctyh lq/kj dkuwu ikl dj fn;kA oqQN vkSj jkT; Hkh ikoj {ks=k esa lq/kj djuk pkgrs
gSa ijUrq e”knwj la?kksa }kjk iquxZBu vkSj futhdj.k (Privatisation) dk fojks/ fd;k tk jgk gSA
ikoj {ks=k esa lq/kj
Hkkjr esa] lHkh fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh Hkkafr ikoj tuu ,oa forj.k ,d jktdh; ,dkf/dkj (State monopoly)

gh jgs gSaA vLlh osQ n'kd esa cgqr ls fodkl'khy ns'kksa us fctyh osQ tuu ,oa forj.k dks futh {ks=k osQ fy,
[kksy fn;kA bldk eq[; dkj.k foÙkh; lk/uksa dk vHkko FkkA blosQ vfrfjDr fo'o cSad ,oa vU; vUrjkZ"Vªh;
foÙkh; laLFkkuksa dks tc jkf'k nsus osQ fy, vuqjks/ fd;k x;k] rks mUgksaus Hkh fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh ljdkjksa dks
etcwj fd;k fd os ikoj {ks=k esa izfrLi¼kZ ykus osQ fy, futh mRikndksa dks ikoj tuu osQ fy, vkeaf=kr djsaA
bl i`"BHkwfe esa] Hkkjr us Hkh vU; fodkl'khy ns'kksa dh Hkkafr ikoj {ks=k esa futh fuos'kμHkkjrh; vkSj fons'kh nksuksa
dks ykus dk eu cuk fy;k vkSj 1992 esa u;h ikoj uhfr dh ?kks"k.kk dh x;h vkSj ikoj {ks=k esa LorU=k ikoj
mRikndksa (Independent Power Producers) dh /kj.kk 'kkfey dh x;hA ljdkj us fctyh iw£r dkuwu 1910

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