Page 266 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

Hkkjrh; vkfFkZd uhfr

uksV vkSj lu~ 1900 rd yxHkx 40 fd-eh- vfrfjDr jsy&ekxZ rS;kj fd;k x;kA vxys ipkl o"kks± esa jsyksa dk
fodkl /hek iM+ x;k vkSj osQoy 16]000 fd-eh- vfrfjDr jsy&ekxZ rS;kj fd;k x;kA bl izdkj Hkkjr e a s
1950 rd oqQy feykdj 54]400 fdyksehVj ls oqQN vf/d jsyekxZ rS;kj gks pqdk FkkA
vkjEHk esa] jsyos dk LokfeRo ,oa izcU/ futh dEifu;ksa osQ vk/hu Fkk] ftuosQ ekfyd v¡xzst O;kikjh FksA ljdkj
us bUgsa eqÝr Hkwfe] iw¡th ij fuEure izR;k; (Minimum return) osQ vk'oklu vkfn osQ :i esa oqQN fj;k;rsa nhaA
jsyksa ij futh dEifu;ksa osQ LokfeRo ,oa izcU/ dh oqQN vkykspuk vkSj f'kdk;rsa dh xb±A 1925 esa Hkkjr ljdkj
us igyh jsyos dEiuh vius LokfeRok/hu dhA /hjs&/hjs vU; dEifu;k¡ Hkh ljdkj osQ vk/hu ykbZ xb±A 1944
rd lHkh futh dEifu;ksa dks gVkdj jsyksa dk LokfeRo ,oa izcU/ ljdkj osQ vk/hu gks x;kA 1950 esa egkjktkvksa
osQ vk/hu fj;klrksa dh jsyksa dks Hkh Hkkjr ljdkj osQ LokfeRok/hu yk;k x;kA vkt jsysa ,d ,dhÑr jktdh;
m|e (State enterprise) gSaA jsysa ns'k dk lcls cM+k jk"Vªh;Ñr m|e gS vkSj buesa lHkh futh la;qDr iw¡th
dEifu;ksa dh rqyuk esa vf/d fofu;ksx fd;k x;k gSA vkt Hkkjrh; jsyos esa 16 yk[k ls vf/d O;fDr dke
djrs gSaA Hkkjrh; jsyos osQ ikl 7,900 Mhty vkSj fctyh pkfyr batu] 42,000 lokjh&fMCcs vkSj yxHkx
2,22,000 oSXu gSA jsysa 1.1 djksM+ lokfj;kas vkSj 11.2 yk[k Vu eky dk yEch nwjh osQ fy, ifjogu djrh gSaA Hkkjr
esa vc oqQy jsy&ekxZ dh yEckbZ 63,500 fdyksehVj gks xbz gSA bl izdkj jsysa ns'k dk lcls cM+ jk"Vªh;Ñr m|e
gSaA ;g ,f'k;k dk lcls cM+k vkSj fo'o esa nwljk lcls cM+k m|e gSA
(i) jsyos fodkl dh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk,¡

jk"Vªh; vFkZO;oLFkk osQ fodkl osQ lkFk xgjk lEcU/ j[kus okys vfHkdj.kksa esa jsyos lcls cM+k ifjogu
vfHkdj.k (Transport agency) gSA bl dkj.k Hkkjr ljdkj us blosQ fodkl ij lcls vf/d cy fn;k gSA jsyksa
us iqu%LFkkiu dh cgqr&lh ;kstuk,¡ ykxw dha vkSj ckn esa ifjogu {kerk (Transport capacity) vkSj ifjpkyu
oqQ'kyrk (Operational efficiency) dks c<+kus osQ fy, fuekZ.k dk egkfHk;ku pyk;kA ljdkjh {ks=k esa fd, x,
oqQy O;; dk 21 izfr'kr igyh rhu ;kstukvksa esa jsyos fodkl ij [kpZ fd;k x;kA igyh lkr ;kstukvksa esa oqQy
O;; osQ :i esa jsyksa ij 24.000 djksM+ #i, O;; fd, x,A ,d oqQ'ky jsy ifjogu O;oLFkk dk;e djus osQ
vfrfjDr] izR;sd ;kstuk esa jsyos fodkl dk fo'ks"k mís'; FkkA
(i) izFke ;kstukμth.kZ ifjlEir~ (Overaged assets) dk izfrLFkkiu_
(ii) nwljh ;kstukμu, bLikr dkj[kkuksa vkSj dks;ys osQ c<+rs gq, mRiknu osQ dkj.k tfur eky ifjogu osQ

<ksus osQ fy, jsyksa dks fo'ks"k :i esa rS;kj djuk_
(iii) rhljh ;kstukμvfrfjDr {kerk dk fuekZ.k djuk rkfd ;g ifjogu dh ek¡x ls vf/d gks losQ ftlosQ
}kjk ifjogu lEcU/h #dkoVsa nwj dh tk losaQ_
(iv) pkSFkh ls lkroha ;kstukμjsy O;oLFkk dk vk/qfudhdj.k rkfd bldh fØ;kvksa dh oqQ'kyrk c<+kbZ tk
losQA
eky HkkM+s osQ VfeZuyksa osQ fodkl dks mPp izkFkfedrk nsuk rkfd eky osQ fMCcksa dh xfr LorU=k ,oa lqfoèkktud
:i esa gks losQA blosQ lkFk&lkFk ok"i batuksa dks Mh”ky vkSj fctyh osQ batuksa esa ifjo£rr djukA
vkBoha vkSj ukSoha ;kstukμeq[; cy lkeF;Ztuu (Capacity generation) ij FkkA blosQ vfrfjDr iquokZl ,oa
vk/qfudhdj.k] ÅtkZ&laj{k.k (Energy Conservation), lqj{kk] foÙkh; l{kerk vkSj xzkgd rqf"V osQ fy,
fo'oluh; ,oa csgrj lsok,a miyC/ djkus dh vksj è;ku fn;k x;kA

(ii) nloha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk vkSj jsyos fodkl
nloha ;kstuk dk eq[; cy jsyos&iz.kkyh dh {kerk dks etcwr cukuk gS rkfd og yEch nwjh okys Hkkjh eky
,oa lokjh ;krk;kr dh iz/ku okgd cu losQA bl mís'; dh izkfIr osQ fy, jsyos dks cgqfo/&fodkl vkSj

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